78 Ohfiervatioiis on Insects affecthg the Turnip Crops. 



Fig. 26. A turnip-leaf, upper-side. 



Fig. 27. The maggot of Drosophila flava, feeding under the cuticle. 



Fig. 28. The pupa of ditto. 



Fig. 29*. The same greatly magnified. 



Fig. 30*. Drosophila flava represented flying. 



r The natural dimensions. 

 Fig. 31. The gallery formed on the iinder-side of a turnip-leaf by the 

 maggot of Phytomyza nigricornis. 



Fig. 32. The pupa of ditto secured under the cuticle. 

 Fig. 33*. Phytomyza nigricornis represented flying. 



s The natural dimensions. 

 Fig. 34. The caterpillar of the Turnip diamond-back moth. 

 Fig. 35. The pupa of the same inclosed in the cocoon. 

 Fig. 36. The moth from the same represented at rest. 

 Fig. 31*. The same flying and magnified. 

 Fig. 38*. The egg of the Y-moth.' 



t The natural size. 

 Fig. 39. The full-grown caterpillar walking. 

 Fig. 40. The chrysalis in its web. 

 Fig. 41. The Y-moth flying. 



Obs. All the figures are drawn from nature, excepting 22, 23, and 

 34, and the numbers with a * attached indicate that the objects referred 

 to are represented much larger than life. 



London, February, 1842. 



[Tlie copyriglit of this paper is reserved by the writer.] 



VII T. — On the Comparative Value of different Kinds of Fodder. 

 By the Rev. W. Riiam. 



As the following table of the comparative value of different kinds 

 of fodder in feeding- cattle may not be a:enerally known, I have 

 translated it from the French. It has been published by M. 

 Antoine, at Nancy, and is the result of experiments made by the 

 principal agriculturists of the Continent, Thaer, Gemerhausen, 

 Petro, Rieder, Weber, Krantz, Andre, Block, De Dombasle, 

 Boussingault, Meyer, Plotow, Pohl, Smee, Crud, Schwertz, Pabst. 

 It is unnecessary to give the figures which each of these experi- 

 mentalists have set down, but the mean of their experiments 

 being taken, there is more chance of the result being near the 

 truth. Allowance must be made for the different qualities of the 

 same food on different soils and different seasons. In very dry 

 summers the same weight of any green food will be much more 

 nourishing than in a dripping season. So likewise any fodder 



