in Denmark, Sweden, and Riissia. 417 



The farm grazed also 160 oxen, SO cows, oOO slieep, and 28 

 horses. The milk, butter, and cheese were all used in his own 

 household, and the horses, I was told, were ail employed in the 

 farm, except two or three kept for riding and driving. Some of 

 them, however, were no doubt reared for sale. Although the 

 beer and brandy, as well as the other articles of consumption, 

 were all grown or manufactured upon the estate, yet the large 

 proportion of the produce consumed by so extensive a household 

 must have diminished at once the profits and the marketable value 

 of the land. 



In the autumn J when the harvest is over, both the peasants and 

 the proprietors along the coast employ themselves and their 

 servants in taking and salting fish for the winter's consumption. 

 Flat-fish is principally taken, and much of it is dried in the sun. 

 The necessity of having large establishments is further increased 

 by the custom of making and manufacturing, as in former times 

 in our own country, nearly all the ordinary articles of dress and 

 furniture required in the household. 



One of the most spirited and persevering improvers in Jutland 

 was the late Count Schimmelman, so long minister of finance to his 

 Danish Majesty. At present Count Fries of Friesenburg is one 

 of the most zealous and enterprising. He has imported a skilful 

 ins])ector from Hanover to arrange the irrigation of his estate, and 

 to promote the extension of a system which is fitted to be of such 

 service in the sandy soils of this part of the kingdom. The 

 government has recently been at the expense of sending four 

 young men into Silesia to learn the method of irrigation practised 

 so extensively in that country. 



North of the Lyme Fiord in North Jutland I found the land 

 naked, the soil sandy, often moorish, with tracts of poor pasture, 

 and here and there a few thousand acres in indifferent arable 

 culture. The wind sweeps over this peninsula from the Skager 

 Rack on the west, and from the Cattegat on the east, bearing the 

 salt spray and the drift-sand in some places far inland. Even 

 here, however, the spirit of im.provement is not dormant, but 

 capital is wanting. Those who have the desire, the skill, and 

 the ability to improve, have too much of this waste land upon 

 their hands to allow of their speedily bringing the whole into 

 more profitable cultivation. 



I made the tour of this district, proceeding from Aalborg, on 

 the Lyme Fiord, to Hioring, on the west side of the peninsula, and 

 thence to the Skaw, returning by Frederickshavn and Sabye to 

 Hals, at the mouth of the Fiord. We drove through deep sand 

 nearly the whole way — the utmost pace at which a pair of horses 

 could take the driver and myself being usually three miles an 

 hour. I could not help being struck, seeing it then for the first 



