IN CERTAIN TREES AND SHRUBS. 195 



the finest contributaries to a bold sky outline — in age exliibiting 

 broad and heavy masses of foliage, disposed in well defined, 

 abrupt, and even angular breaks ; added to which a tortuous and 

 rugged bark — a bold relief amongst trees and shrubs of tamer 

 character. The Beech, too, a tree for the park, the grove, the 

 glade, or the vista. The Sycamore, which, although when young, 

 is of no significance, attains a character in age frequently of much 

 consequence to the scenery where it is situate ; the foliage in this 

 case running into heavy masses, with deeply indented breaks in 

 the outline. The Scotch Fir in age frequently attains a most 

 picturesque appearance. In this section we have such trees as 

 the Elm, the Lime, and various others. 



Pointed or Spiry. — Such as the Lombardy Poplar, the Taxo- 

 dium sempervirens, Douglas Pine, Larch, Silver Fir, and several 

 other Conifers, with the beautiful Cryptomeria, and many orna- 

 mental shrubs. Trees and Shrubs of this habit are finely adapted 

 for relieving the monotony of a heavy sky outline. What a 

 charming effect is produced by even a group or two of the Holly- 

 hock, peeping forth from amongst a heavy mass of flat-headed 

 shrubs ! The Lombardy Poplar too : who has not seen and 

 admired this tree, rising in the distance in conjunction with the 

 steeple of some time-hallowed church ? This is indeed a most 

 important section. If I remember right, Mr. Repton affirms that 

 spiry trees are well adapted to the Grecian style of architecture. 



Columnar. — Here are many admirable things, particularly 

 suitable as accompaniments to buildings. For the margins of 

 promenades, terraces, or indeed any long, straight, and formal 

 walks or lines — the corridor, balustrade, &c. — they are con- 

 sidered well adapted. I need only point to the Irish Yew, 

 Arbor vitse. Red Cedar, with some of the members of the Juni- 

 perus and Cupressus families, as peculiarly of this class. 



Fastigiate. — There are some singular-looking things in this 

 section ; as for instance the upright or Cornish Elm — indeed, 

 some of the Conifers may be placed here. There has been some 

 difference of opinion as to the use of the Lombardy Poplar, 

 which is perhaps more of the columnar character ; but I think 

 any one going from London to Richmond by water must be 

 struck with the extraordinary effect produced at some villas 

 on the banks, in the grounds of which the Lombardy Poplar, 

 the Cedar of Lebanon, and the Weeping Willow may be seen 

 in close combination with buildings of modern style ; the whole 

 producing a most striking picture ; such forms powerfully con- 

 trasting with the beautiful river to complete the scene. 



Horizontal. — The ancient Cedar of Lebanon may here be 

 placed foremost : too well known to require description. The 

 Cedrus Africanus will probably stand in this class ; and that 



VOL, VII. P 



