BULBS OP LILIES. 105 



scales, of which the outermost are dry and membranaceous, though 

 not changed, as in the Tulip, into a brown skin, but still yellow. 

 The remains, or at least the seal's, of these earlier flower-stems 

 (Fig. 3, f, f)are visible, so that at the time of flowering the 

 productions of at least four years are united on the main axis ; 

 frequently, however, there are traces of four or even of five 

 peduncles. In wild specimens of L. bulbiferum, only one or two 

 old flower-stems appear. The principal bud is seated in the axil 

 of the uppermost scales (Fig. 4, b). Accessory buds are also found 

 in the axils of the lower scales ; one of these frequently blossoms 

 in the next year, together with the main bud. The peduncle of 

 such a bulb, with respect to its axis, is tei*minal, as well as that 

 of the primary bulb, and has many scales on its own basal axis 

 and a primary bud in the axil of the uppermost scale. The two 

 bulbs bear each their own magazine, but are nourished in 

 common by the roots of the main axis, till this dies up to the 

 place where the lower bulb is seated, and then both become 

 separate. The roots arise tolerably high on the main axis, 

 often close to this year's peduncle, nestling sometimes amongst 

 their parenchym. 



From the lower part of the stem, whether it prove fertile or 

 sterile, beneath the first membranaceous leaf, numerous roots 

 (Fig. 4, d) spring forth in a spiral line of one or more volutions, 

 so that the roots spring from two separate points — the peduncle 

 and from the lower part of the basal axis. There are, however, 

 no roots on the stem of L. candidum. 



Young bulbs of L. Martagou and bulbiferum have only one leaf 

 in addition to the scale on their basal axis, from which no stem 

 arises furnished with internodes. The primary bud is terminal, 

 accessory buds being extremely rare, and is surrounded by the 

 somewhat enlarged base of the leaf. 



The little bulbs in the axils of the stem-leaves in L. bulbiferum 

 are formed of scales closely arranged one over the other. 



LlLIUM CANDIDUM. 



Fig. 1. A rather weak bulb in Oc- i d. leaves. 



tober, from which only i Fig. 2. Young peduncle and bud 



the outer decayed por- | from fig. 1. 



tions have been removed. ' a. peduncle. 



b. blunt scarred scales at the b. leaves on do. 



base of bulb. c. principal bud. 



c. small pointed scales above 



them. 



