291 TIMBER-TREES. 



tectural purposes in upper India. It is grown from seeds, and if 

 these are not put into the ground shortly after ripening, they will 

 not vegetate. In sowing them it is necessary to be careful not to 

 put them more than half-an-inch into the ground. On the Doab 

 canal an attempt was made to grow them, but failed owing to the 

 seeds being either too old or too much buried. 



Gen. Morns. Foot Tootri. — All the species of Morns (Mul- 

 berries) easily strike by cuttings, and any quantity can be thus 

 raised. 



Gen. Ficus. 



F. indica. Burr — F. religiosa. Pepul — F. venosa. — 

 P Milium — F. elastica. — India-rubber Tree — F. glomerata. 

 Goolur — F. lucida. — Most of the Fig tribe are easily grown 

 from cuttings, and are highly useful in affording forage for 

 camels, &c, and a good shade. For the first-mentioned pur- 

 pose they are well worthy of being extensively introduced into 

 the Punjab. 



This list might be greatly enlarged, but I have only mentioned 

 here such species as will certainly succeed in the Punjab. There 

 are, in the upper and lower portions of the Doabs, we have no doubt, 

 very different climates. But, generally speaking, unless on the 

 very borders of the desert, the species here enumerated will 

 succeed, provided that they are properly sown. Before sowing 

 the seeds the land ought to be well trenched or ploughed, and 

 then strongly manured, or at the rate of from three to four 

 hundred maunds per acre. Frequently seeds do not germinate 

 owing to the bad condition of the soil, and this in a new country 

 like the Punjab (where so much waste arid land exists, and which 

 will no doubt be selected as sites for forming plantations) requires 

 to be particularly guarded against. .Since writing the above, the 

 admirable Minute of the Governor-general on the state of the 

 timber cultivation in the Punjab has been published. In it 

 almost every topic worthy of observation connected with the growth 

 of timber in the newly acquired territory has been adverted to, and 

 ably discussed ; and the plan recommended for its extension is so 

 excellent, as, if properly carried out by the district officers, must 

 ultimately be attended with the greatest success. The Agri- 

 Horticultural Society, too, has been established, and has already 

 commenced operations in a vigorous manner. With its able 

 president, active and energetic secretary, and a host of talented 

 members, it cannot but be the means of conferring the most lasting 

 benefits on the country of the Five waters. Xowhere could a 



