304 THE KANGRA VALLEY. 



Ona Jowar, or Celestial Barley (Hordeum coeleste) — grown at 



great altitudes along with Phapur emarginatum — 

 Chuuna — Chola — (Cicer arietinum). 



Posk (Papaver sonmiferum), blue and white varieties, 

 abundantly grown in Kooloo, a third of the land being 

 cultivated with it. It is cultivated, and opium pre- 

 pared for exportation to China, across the passes ; and 

 in return, Churrus from Yarkand is imported into 

 India. 

 Mussoor (Ervum lens). 

 Grey Pea (Pisum arvense). 

 Rape (Sinapis erysimoides). 

 Burlai Rape (Sinapis ramosa). 

 Torea (Sinapis dichotorna ?). 

 Sursoo (Sinapis rugosa). 

 Burga sursoo (Sinapis glauca ?) 

 Agricultural Implements. — The agricultural implements used 

 throughout the Punjab are similar to those met with generally in 

 the North-west Provinces. In the Jullunder Doab, to crush the 

 sugar-cane, a mill with wooden rollers, and propelled by a pair of 

 bullocks, is used. The plough in use is very light, and seldom 

 penetrates more than three or four inches into the ground. In 

 Hazara it is even of a smaller and lighter description than that 

 used in the Punjab. 



Breed of Cattle. — In all the Doabs the cattle are very small, 

 and generally of a black, brown, and red colour ; miserably fed, 

 and thus wretched, scraggy-looking animals, no attention whatever 

 being paid to the breed. Not so, however, with their horses ; 

 Seikhs following the example of their late chief, Runjeet Sing, 

 are fond of good horses, and they are (or were) extensively bred 

 in the Sind Sagur Doab, in the district of Dani and Gheb in the 

 Salt range. The horses there raised are, generally, very powerful 

 and enduring, though far from handsome, and during the late 

 campaigns proved their mettle. A few English or Arab stallions 

 might be introduced, to cover the district mares, with advantage. 

 Mules, too, are also extensively bred in the Sind Sagur Doab, 

 and are frequently met with 14 hands high. For these high 

 prices are asked, ranging from 250 to 450 rupees. 



Before entering on the geological structure of the Punjab, &c, 

 we shall make a few observations on the coniferous trees met with 

 in the Kohistan and British Himalayahs. 

 . Genus Cedrus. — The cedars are characterised by their nume- 



