THE DEODAR. 305 



rous linear, acicular, persistent, and tufted leaves, the tufts 

 varying in number from thirty to sixty, and each singly, and 

 without any enveloping sheath, in length one to two inches ; erect, 

 truncated, conical cones, which when ripe are deciduous ; trees, 

 when young conical in form, but as they advance in age, the 

 upper horizontal branches expand, and give to them a truncated 

 fown at summit. 



1. Cedrus Deodara. — Throughout the Himalayahs this species 

 is known under various names. 



In Kumaou and Gurwahl it is named Deodar or Deodara, 

 At Simla, Keloo, and in the Kangra country, Deodar or Dear; 

 and in the Hazara, Diar or Paliptur. The boat-builders on the 

 Jhelum also distinguish it by the latter name. 



Throughout the mountains it occurs in vast forests : at 

 Jugissur and Lohooghaut in Kumaon, at Xag Tebba near 

 Mussoorie, at Phagoo and Mahussoo near Simla, at Rashalah in 

 Kooloo, on the Chumba range in Kangra, and on the Pir. At 

 Narkunda, near Koteghur, Deodar-trees are met with, but the 

 finer timbers have been felled by the government agents, and sent 

 to Ferozepore and Bombay. In the Mundi country a small forest 

 exists near Jumah ; this, too, has been thinned of its finest 

 timbers. 



Of all coniferous trees met with in the Hiinalayahs, the Deodar 

 is most valued for its durability and wood, which is compact, 

 rather close-grained and long-fibred, highly resinous, and giving 

 a delicious perfume to the air. For both naval and architectural 

 purposes it is admirably adapted, owing to its strength and great 

 durability, it lasting for a number of years even though much 

 exposed to the elements, and being but little affected by water. 



On the banks of the Jhelum, Chenab, and Ravi rivers, ex- 

 tensive boat manufactories exist, and the following are the prices 

 asked : — 



For boats completely built of Deodar, 1400 to 1500 maunds 

 measure, rupees 1200 to 1500. 



A boat of 1400 or 1500 maunds, outside Deodar and lined with 

 Cheel, rupees 1000 to 1200. 



A boat of 400 to 450 maunds, outside Deodar and lined with 

 Cheel, rupees 250 to 300. 



A boat built of Deodar will last from twenty to thirty years. 



Dimensions. — The Deodar grows to extraordinary dimensions. 

 At Piashulah, in Kooloo, a forest, as already stated, exists, with 

 timbers varying from 18 to 24i feet in girth. The following are 



