306 THE DEODAR. 



the dimensions of some of those measured, four feet from th< 

 ground : — 



1st Tree, 24 feet. 6th Tree, 20 feet. 



2nd Tree, 23 £ feet. 

 3rd Tree, 20 feet. 

 4 th Tree, 24 feet. 

 5th Tree, 19 feet. 



7th Tree, 22 feet. 

 8th Tree, 20 feet. 

 9th Tree, 24^ feet. 



Growing along with these were some Khursoo Oaks (Quercus 

 semecarpifolia). 



On the hanks of the Jhelum we measured a timher which was 

 18 feet in circumference and 60 feet in length. 



Near Mulari in Gurwahl, at an elevation of about 11,000 feet 

 above the level of the sea, we measured two trees ; one girded 

 26 feet three feet from the ground, the other 27 feet. 



Localities. — We have already noticed some of the localities, but 

 it would be needless to give a longer list. As a general remark, 

 we may state that the Deodar is seldom found growing in a natural 

 state below 6000 feet of altitude. The finest trees are generally 

 found growing on the north sides of barren mountains in thin poor 

 soils, formed from the decomposition of granite, gneiss, mica, or 

 clay slates. Here, too, the character of the wood is different from 

 those grown in southern aspects and in richer soil, it being more 

 compact, harder, and of a deeper red colour. This is well known 

 to the natives, and can easily be accounted for, viz , its slowness 

 of growth. But if this distinction is characteristic in this species, 

 it is much more so in others, which we shall afterwards notice, 

 particularly the Cheer. 



Genus Pinus. 



2. Pinus longifolia, — If the Deodar is the characteristic coni- 

 ferous tree of the middle regions of the Himalayahs, the Cheer 

 marks the lower belts, occurring in all intermediate altitudes, from 

 1700 to 6000 feet above the sea level. It is the first tree that 

 strongly reminds the traveller in ascending the Himalayahs that he 

 has attained a different climate from that of the scorching plains 

 of Hindostan, and that greets his eye with an European form. 

 Ascending a little higher he meets with Oaks and Rhododendrons, 

 showing that though European Pines are most prevalent, yet 

 others tell that he is still within the tropics, or, rather, nearly so. 



The Pinus longifolia is, from its diversity of climate and aspect, 

 known under different names. In Hazara, and on the upper 

 banks of the Jhelum, it is styled Anunder, and throughout Kangra 

 and the eastern hills it is named Cheel or Cheer. Dr. Royle also 



