310 ABIES AVEBBTANA. 



Chenab. under the name of Rai, and used in building boats ; but 

 its wood is not prized, as it is so liable to decomposition by the 

 action of the weather. Its wood, too, is soft and open-grained, 

 and said by the native boat-builders, when converted into boats, 

 not to last more than four or five years. 



In Nepal another species is met with, distinguished from all 

 other Himalayan species by its very small cones, which are not 

 more than an inch in length : Abies brunoniana or dumosa. 



Genus Picea. 



6. P. Webbiana. — This species is known under various names 

 throughout the Kohistan of the Punjab and Himalayahs. In 

 Kooloo and the Chumba range it is styled Tos,* in Gurwahl 

 &c, Chilrow. It is characterised by its large bluish-black cone 

 varying in size from 4 to 8 inches — of a conical form flattened at 

 the upper end. Its leaves are of a dark-green colour above and 

 silver-white beneath. It is distinguished from the next species 

 by its much larger and thicker cones and larger leaves, which are, 

 also, proportionally narrower. 



The Chilrow is a noble tree, growing to a height of 80 and 100 

 feet, its dark sombre leaves contrasting well with the surrounding 

 vegetation. From all the other Pines it can at once be dis- 

 tinguished by its much stiffer and upright conical form. In the 

 Kohistan of the Punjab, as on the Chumba range, and on the Peer 

 Panjal it is found in great abundance, at elevations of from 7000 

 to 10,000 feet above the level of the sea ; and, as mentioned, is 

 there known under the name of Tos. It is floated down both the 

 Jhelum and Chenab, and used in boat-building, &c, but is not a 

 wood of any value, as it is so easily decomposed by the weather : 

 boats built of it do not last more than four or five years. In the 

 Simla jurisdiction this tree is found forming extensive forests 

 at Hattoo, Narkunda, &c. ; also with the Row, and of great 

 dimensions; hundreds of trees of 80 and 100 feet in height, and 

 as straight as an arrow, there existing. By its dark-green colour, 

 ei*ect and stiff growth, and horizontal branches it can at once be 

 distinguished from the Row (Abies Smithiana), and from the 

 Deodar by its conical head and darker colour. In addition to the 

 forests of the Kohistan and Simla district, it grows abundantly in 

 Gurwahl and Kumaon, and four miles to the east of Mussoorie. 

 On the great mountain of Dodicatowli, near Lobah, it occurs in 

 great perfection. When this species occurs associated with the 



* In Hazara it is named Pelunda. 



