120 



JOUKNAL OF HOETICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENEB. 



[ February 8, 1872. 



tliat had ever come under their notice. I also planted out 

 eight plants against the south wall, side by side with the old 

 Red, a good variety, and I found Goliath bore quite as nume- 

 rous a crop, and some of the fruit swelled to a much greater 

 size. 



I quite agree with Mr. Douglas in stating that gardeners 

 exhibiting collections of vegetables in June will find a good 

 dish of Tomatoes a strong point in their favour. If size is 

 any object, I have no hesitation in recommending Hepper's 

 Goliath. — .James Smyth, Fynone, South Wales. 



USEFUL FOEEST TREES OF INDIA. 



The Teak is of peculiar value for shipbuilding and other 

 pra-poses from the power of the oO to conserve iron. Teak is 

 by far the most valuable of Indian woods. The first-class 

 Teak for shipbuilding takes seventy or eighty years in coming 

 to maturity ; for house-building and furniture" there is a ready 

 sale for the thinnings in twenty years. 



Sal wood is used for engineering purposes, for shipbuilding, 

 and for house-building. The trees grow very close together. 

 Planting is not required ; the seeds fall viviparous into the 

 ground. This wood takes a long time to season, and it is 

 liable to the attacks of some insects. The best of the Deodar 

 timber cornes from territory which is not British. 



Deodar is, in fact, used for sleepers, but it is far too valu- 

 able a wood for that purpose. Then there is black wood, of 

 great value for ordnance purposes, for house-building, and for 

 carved furniture ; it is planted in the same situation as Teak, 

 and can be obtained of as large size as Teak. 

 ^ Ebony is a wood of great value, and sold by weight. The 

 Chinchona cultivation has been a remarkable success on the 

 Neilghen-y hills. It is of extremely rapid growth, and the bark 

 of commerce is obtained at an early age. There are at least 

 2000 acres of Chinchona on the Neilgherries. It is expected 

 that the leaves may yield a febrifuge for the masses. 



Of Bamboo there are several species ; next to the Cocoa-nut, 

 the Bamboo is, perhaps, the most valuable wood in India for 

 domestic purposes. 



Rattans grow in great abundance in the forests of Malabar. 

 The Rattan is a species of Palm, the stem of which runs along 

 the ground for great lengths (80 feet to 100 feet or more) ; it is 

 a product of considerable value, and likely to become a larger 

 article of trade. 



Caoutchouc and gums of similar properties are found largely 

 in Assam. Recently rules have been laid down for the periodi- 

 cal tapping of the trees, in order not to overtax them. 



The Breadfruit tree is grown in gai'dens. The Betel-nut is a 

 valuable tree. The Casuarina, or Beef-wood, is a very useful 

 tree, of rapid growth, and the timber of great hardness. It is 

 quite large enough for building purposes. The wood is very 

 hard, and turns the edge of the axe. It has the peculiar 

 property of durability under water. 



The Satiuwood is much used for picture frames and fancy 

 purposes ; it resembles the American Maple. The Indian Dog- 

 wood, a small tree of about 1.5 feet, is considered remarkably 

 suitable for charcoal for gunpowder purposes. 



Many other species of wood might be mentioned which it 

 ■wiU be useful to conserve and propagate — the Red Cedar and 

 other species of the Mahogany family; Ironwood, wliich is 

 practically imperishable, and so forth. The cultivation of 

 ■wood for fuel is of importance ; in the drier parts of India it is 

 so deficient that manure is burnt, and consequently the land 

 is starved and production diminished. — [Times) 



GRAFTING.— No. 2. 



Is otu- last we gave examples of inarching from Mr. Baltet's 

 book, and we now continue the subject. There are some plants 

 which cannot be grafted with certainty in the ordinary way 

 by a free scion, and, therefore, recom-se must be had to in- 

 arching. Mr. Baltet in his work gives various examples of 

 this process, but as they all illustrate the same thing we shall 

 content ourselves with giving the following extract : — 



In commercial estabhshments there are sometimes new kinds 

 of trees cu'iivated in jols. If it is desired to propagate them 

 as standards, large stocks are planted, and the stock plant is 

 raised to their height on a slight stage (fip. 1). To sustain, 

 the stock plant during a period of prolonged drought it will 

 be convenient to place the pot in one of greater size, and to 

 furnish the interspace with moss or fine sand to preserve the 

 freshness. 



An opposite example to the preceding is frequently met 

 with in gardens. The stock plant is very strong and branched. 



The extent of its roots, and the shade of its foliage do not 

 permit of young stocks being planted around it. To pro- 

 pagate it, young stocks must be cultivated in pots. In the 

 second year after potting they are brought in contact with the 

 branches of the tree to be grafted by means of a graduated 

 stage. The pots being placed on this stage they are plunged in 

 a bed of moss, tan, sand, or other light matter to preserve 

 their freshness, for watering there will be ditficult, and the rain 

 and natural dews will be intercei)ted by the fohage. 



IN.VRCH1NG FOR THE RESTORATION OF Pi.AXTS. — Inarching is 

 not the only mode that can be employed for the restoration of 

 defective plants ; but it is valuable where it serves to change 

 the variety of a tree, to renovate the stem, and to repair the 

 branches. Let us give a few examples. 



Fig. s. 



1st, To Change the Variety. — The Vine is subjected to this 

 process by planting alongside the stock in winter a young-rooted 



