Apiil 4, 1872. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



301 



sown now in a slightly shaded position in good lich light soil, the seed being 

 covered with fine soil "about a quarter of an inch deep, aud kept just moist. 

 Let them stand a year, and then tote them up and plant them out 6 inches 

 apart eveiy way. 



Select Annuals and Vegetables for Exhibition {Amatiin).—'Fov 

 July. Hrtit/y J«HH«?s.— Claikiapulchella integripetaJa flore-pleno and Tom 

 Thumb alba, Collinsia multicolor, Linum giandiflorum coccineum, Leptosi- 

 phon densiflnrnp, Lupinus snbcamosus, Kemophila insiguis grandiflora, 

 Npinr^in. vr-ri-iruIoT compacta alba, Nolauft lanceolata, Silcue peudula ruber- 

 riiii;i. I'wiiii I; l.t I.nrksiiur, aud Dwarf Hyacinth-flowered Larkspur. Half- 

 h'u ■ I .1 : ■ \i loclinium roseum, Brachycome iberidiiolia, Clintonia 



piil>N,.j, I.I ..■ litutuuiuiJes, MartyDia fmgi-ans, Venidium caleudulnceum, 

 JVJcM iiil.i\ :tiii III iMiuii tricolor and var. alba, Tagetes patula nana, Anagallis 

 giandlHom Etigi nie, French Maiigolds, and Phlox Drummondi coccinea. 

 Veffetabks. — Supreme Peas, Broad Windsor Beans, Dwarf Mammoth Cauli- 

 flower, Negro, Dwai-f Kidney Beans ; Globe Artichokes, Sealey's Leviathan 

 Celery, Early Scarlet Horn Carrots, Cucumbers, Tomatoes, Early Snowball 

 Turnip, Vegetable Man-ows, and Mushrooms. For September. Hardy 

 Armuals. — Asperula azm-ea setosa, Cacalia coccinea, Calliopsis coronata, Cam- 

 panula pentagonia alba, Chrj'^santhemum Dunnetti aiu-eum flore-pleuo, Con- 

 volvulus minor monstrosa, Senecio elegans flore-pleno, Branching Larkspui", 

 Saponai-ia calabrica, (Enothera bistorta Veitchii, 'Whitlavia gi'anditiora, and 

 Viscai-ia oculata coccinea nana. Half-hardy Aimnals. — Abronia umbellata, 

 Ageratum Dwaif Imperial, Datura cbloi-antha flore-pleno, French Marigold, 

 Phlox Drummondi, Salpiglossis atropuii)urea, Schizanthus retusus, Victoria 

 Aster, Large-flowering Ten-week Stock, Zinnia elegans flore-pleno, Amarau- 

 thus palicifoUus, and Alonsoa Wai'scewiczii. Vegetables. — Superlative or 

 Premier Peas, Canadian Wonder, Dwai-f Kidney Beans, Globe Ai-tichokes, 

 Autumn Giant Cauliflowers, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Sealcy's Leviathan or 

 Ivery's Nonsiich Celery, Custai-d Vegetable ManTOws, James's Inteimediate 

 Carrots, Windsor Beans, Champion Eiuiners, and Danver's Onion. 



Growing Mushrooms (S.).— You can grow fii-st-rate Mushrooms in a bed 

 over a flue, and which i^supportedfiom 18 to 24 or more inches from the flue. 

 We have no faith in a bed through which a flue passes. We have never had 

 better Mushi-ooms than in a stokehole shed, where the beds were helped by the 

 heat. Wherever you can force Rhubai-b in-doors you con grow Mushrooms, only 

 the Ehubarb will stand a heat which Mushrooms will not, and therefore it 

 is well that the flue should not touch the Mushi-oom bed. The flower- 

 garden plan you propoee will be veiy simple and effective, but we think youi- 

 walks ought to be more than double the width proposed — 15 inches. 



Greenhouse (IF. A., Majic}u->^t'r).—\imi- small house is nan-ow for its 

 length, as you must bn\ I ■ m mly l' in t iiit i.|' tli^' r. for ;i i ;iili-\v;-iy, otherwise 

 we think that you hB\ > .nni !■ n li i- ■ 1 1'.. ;iii: . ■ i :u ■> i Im.- , ;uid cBpecially 

 the Geraniums and li, ;.-',■-,.. \ In. ].;■ m i. ., ,. \ - ;..i, ].. nk nf Vines, wo 

 would recommend odv r.hh.k li;iiiilju)^:h innl mir l;.>viil Mtisuadine. You 

 could also gi'owa Cucumber or two m summer, but not early; and if you wish 

 the Vines to prosper you should keep them cut. Before the Vines cover the 

 space on the roof you can have good Cucumbers in your boxes of, say, 18 inches 

 long, 12 inches wide, and 18 inches deep. Gas would heat such a house ii 

 bni-ned in a stove, but there mu&t be a pipe i-om the stove into tho open air, 

 otherwise fai-ewell to your success. The least escape of gas will destroy tho 

 plants. 



Planting Flcutir Beds (E. Z,.).— Write again and tell us what you have, 

 and what you intend planting, and we will cheerfully give om- advice. If we 

 were to plant your small garden at random, we should have such demands 

 that it would be impossible to comply with them. State your proposed 

 planting and we will cheerfully give au opinion and criticism. Planting a 

 plan is a veiy different affair. Send the plan back when you wish criticism, 

 as we cannot undertake to recollect it. We may say that the group would 

 look well thus: — the centre long bed yellow, circle opposite blue, two beds next 

 purple, two beds scarlet, the two circles at the end of purple to be yellow, 

 those as scarlet white, and centre cuxle white, edged with pui-ple. [E. D. M.). 

 As a rale, we cannot undertake to plant flower gardens, and if we did, where 

 would be the utility ? as we might select plants for beds which the owner did 

 not possess, or would be indisposed to procure, and. much thought and con- 

 sideration would thus be wasted, as the opinions even on proposed plans of 

 planting require time and consideration. W^e will offer a few hints in yom* 

 case, because, in the first place, you tell us the plants you wish to utilise; and 

 secondly, because you send the rough plan of your garden on a scimratu piece 

 of paper. No. 1, Centre with Trentham Ro^r I. '..<<■ , n.n . I . |i( .iwiirf, 

 bordei'ed with Perilla pinched-in, and edged all I'l > .;: ' ■ inia. 



2, 3, Centre with Amaronthus melancholicus, eil i. i ■ ■'■ ■ I' ■ linni. 



4, 5, Aurea floribimda Calceolaria, edged with LoI.lIm, i |,;ii ;r mn . .h . .i v, ith 

 a string of Cerastium. 6,7, Lord Palmerston, edged with li'lnwcr uf Spring. 

 8, 9, Tom Thumb, edged with Bijou. Wo have no doubt that this simple 

 ari'angement would prove effective. We prefer a string of Cerastium round 

 the Lobeha as the beds ai'e on gi-ass. 



Peach Leaves Browned at the Edge {K. D. L.).— We believe that the 

 browning is caused by the aii- of the house being excessively moist, and the 

 leaves thus with weakened tissues being suddenly exposed to a low tem- 

 perature. 



Liquid Manure Distributor. — " TT^. il/." would be glad to obtain an uon 

 liquid manure distributor on wheels, and ai-ranged to distribute through a 

 perforated tube in the same manner as a street watering cai"t, but of a size 

 auitable for use by one man and a lad, or by two men. 



Plant-protector, &c. (Mooiee). — We do not know tho Nottingham one. 

 You had better apply to the glass-case makers who advertise in om- columns, 

 telhng them what you need. You cannot make one so satisfactorily as they 



Names of Apples (7*. F.). — The three varieties we named ore fully de- 

 scribed in Hogg's "British Pomology." 



POULTEY, BEE, AM) PIGEON CHRONICLE. 



together and offer a few special prizes for their neglected 

 pets, which ■woiild ensure good entries ; and committees, seeing 

 that Blacks, Whites, or any others had at other shows sufScieiit 

 entries to pay the prizes, would invariably make separate classes 

 in their schedules. " W. A. T.," is no douht aware of the gi'eat 

 expense attending poultry exhibitions, and exhibitors have much 

 to thank the various committees for, inasmuch as they alone lose 

 if there is a deficiency of receipts, which I venture to assume is 

 much more frequent than many imagine. I shall be very glad 

 if any fancier will collect a small sum from the breeders of any 

 neglected class, and offer, say, a £3 3s. cup as a first prize at our 

 next Ipswich Show. Although I do not keep either of those 

 varieties I would willingly help so laudable an effort by sub- 

 scribing .fl as a second, and 10s. as a third prize for such classes. 

 — W. B. Jefpeies, Senley Boad, Ipswich. 



BLACK BANTAMS. 



I FULLY agi'ee with the remarks of Mr. W. A. Taylor, at page 

 262, in reference to having a Separate class for Black Bantams, 

 and I as fully believe Whites and Brown Bed Game should be 

 similarly treated. I tliiuk, however, to ensure that end that it 

 i s necessary for the fanciers of any particular breed to club 



FOWLS rOR PEOFIT, AND AS A MEANS OP 



SUBSISTENCE.— No. 5. 

 Fowls to Produce a Puofit of ,£1 a-heai> per Annum. — 

 I will now state the profit that may he derived from fifty hens, 

 twenty-five kept for laying, and twenty-five for producing 

 chickens. I have before ohsei-ved, that it is an undisputed fact 

 that the Hamburghs are the most prolific as egg-producers, and 

 that the Black variety produces the largest eggs. These, al- 

 though not so large as Spanish eggs, are of good medium size. 

 I may without exaggeration affirm that each fowl will on an 

 average lay 260 eggs per annum. The bu-ds must he highly fed 

 to obtain this number of eggs, and they must be disposed of 

 before moulting. A hen has been known to lay 280 to 300 eggs 

 a-year. "Without fm-ther preface I "wiU award to this breed the 

 palm for laying, and pronounce it that which should be kept f or 

 this purpose. 



If twenty-five fowls lay each 250 eggs per annum, the total 

 number laid wiU he 6250, which if sold at Is. per dozen — a very 

 reasonable average price — will amount to i'26 Os. lOd. 



The Brahma breed must also stand first, as being the best 

 fitted in every sense, as has been before showed, for the produc- 

 tion of chickens. Twenty Brahma hens will each prodirce eigh- 

 teen chickens per annum. If they incubate only twice in the 

 year and rear nine chickens out of each hatch, the total 

 number of chickens produced will be 360. These, if sold at 5s. 

 per couple, will realise £'45. It will be seen that I have only 

 taken an average of the number of chicks that twenty Brahma 

 liens will produce, leaving the other five to stand for any loss 

 that may be sustained in case some should not prove so broody 

 as others, although this is an improbable circumstance, for 

 with attention it is more hkely that they will show an incubating 

 disposition three times during a year rather than twice. These 

 Brahma hens, besides sitting, wiU each lay at least one hun- 

 dred eggs per year, which will amount to 2500, realising, at Is. 

 per dozen, i'lO 8s. id. 



The twenty-five Hamburgh hens after having laid for a 

 twelvemonth must be fattened and killed. They will not bring 

 such a large price as younger fowls, but will easily sell at 3s. per 

 couple ; this for twenty-five hens wiU be £1 17s. 6a. Those who 

 reside near a town where poultry sales are held may realise a 

 much larger price by sending their adult birds to such sales ; 

 indeed, where pure breeds are kept, it is more than probable 

 that the sale of the birds, and of their eggs for sitting purposes, 

 will form a most important item in the profit derived from the 

 poultry yard, but this I wiU not take into account, setting it 

 against occasional losses that may arise from unforeseen circum- 

 stances. 



The manure made by fifty fowls per year, and also by the 

 360 chickens until they are sold, will be about lOJ cwt. (more 

 will of course be made if the birds are kept in confinement), and 

 this, at £.5 per ton, will amount to £2 13s. id. or thereabouts. 

 The total income realised will therefore he as foUows : — 



£ s. d. 



Egga 36 9 2 



Chickens 45 



Hens fattened and sold 117 6 



Manure 2 13 4 



The expenses will stand thus : — Food for fifty hens and four 

 cocks at Id. each per week, 4s. id. each per year, total i'll 14s.; 

 also food for 360 chickens at a halfpenny each per week for 

 six weeks, £'4 lis. ; for a second teinn of six weeks, at Irf. each 

 per week, £9 2s. ; cost of fattening, 6fZ. each, .£9 2s. ; cost of 

 fattening twenty-five Hamburgh puUets before moulting at %d. 

 each, 12s. 6cZ. ; making the total expense inciu'red for food and 

 fattening, £35 Is. dd. The profit and loss account is as follows : — 



£ s. d. 



Gross profit 86 



Expenses 35 1 6 



Net profit on fifty fowls f 50 18 6 



This is a profit of £1 per head per annum, leaving the IBs. Gd. 

 to stand for casual losses. 



