April IS, 1873. 1 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEE. 



329 



perhaps uusurpassed for brillianov in the vegetable kingdom." 

 —(Ibid., t. 5962.) 



Stapb:lh soROiiiA (Breast-like Stapelia). Nat. onh, Ascle- 

 piailiete. Linn, urr., Peutandria Dig^-nia. — A native of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. Stems 6 to 10 inches lii;;li, fhininelled 

 between the angles, and toothed at intervals of from oun-third 

 to two-thu-ds of an inch. Flower 3 to ih inches in diiuucttr. 

 Corolla clothed on the surface and margined with long hairs, 

 composed of five lobes, transversely wrinkled, of a dark vinous 

 purple at the end, and bright orange yellow towards the base. 

 —(IhiiL, t. .5963.) 



Dii'LADENiA iNsiGxis. — This we believe to be " the finest 

 Dipladenia hitherto known, and in this opinion we are not 

 singular, for one of our most experienced plant-growers, to 

 whom flowers were sent in October last, pronounced it to be 

 quite distinct, very fine in colour, and with gi'eater substance 

 than anj' other he had previously seen, adding that if its con- 

 stitution and free-flowering habit were equal to those of 

 1>. amabilis, it would prove a decided acquisition. The flowers 

 were from 4 to ih inches in diameter, of a rich, deep, rosy 

 carmine, as deep on the outer as the inner side of the coroUa, 

 the base of the tube being white, the white sharply defined. 

 It is in the substance of the flowers, and mthebrilUant colour, 

 tliat the chief merits of this novelty, as an ornamental plant, 

 are to be found. 



" Dipladenia insignis was raised by Mr. S. Fenwick, gardener 

 to .John Waterhouse, Esq., of Well Head, Hahfax. It is a 

 seedling from D. amabilis, was raised in 18fi9, and flowered for 

 the first time during the past summer, the plant, though onlj- 

 growing in a 7-incli pot, proving to be verj' lloriferous, and 

 continuing for some weeks in flower. When it conies to be 

 freely gi'own, and well established, we may exjiect to see it 

 even finer." — {b'hirixt and Pomolor/int, 3 s., v., 73.) 



THE PROPORTIONS OF PIPKS. 



TnF. following will be useful for gardeners who requii'e to 

 heat two houses from one boiler. j 



Annexed is a sketch of a handy little contrivance designed 

 by Mr. G. Cookburn, of Glasgow, for ascertaining the diameter 

 of a pipe, &a., having a sectional area equal to that of two 

 other pipes, or riri' n-rni'i. The instrument consists simply of 

 a piece of wood or cardboard sha))rd like a set square, as 

 shown in //(/. 1, or a diagram of the same form drawn on 



paper, and divided out along the two edges, which are at right 

 angles to each other, the divisious being taken to represent 

 inches, feet, or yards, il-c, according to the land of work for 

 which the instrument is used. 'WTien employed for determin- 

 ing the equivalent diameters of pipes or bars, inch subdivisions 

 are generally found most convenient. 



The mode of using the instrument will be readily understood 

 from an example. Suppose, for instance, that two pipes, a 



and B [Jig. 2), respectively 5 inches and 4i inches in diameter, 

 deUver into a third pipe, d, and it be required to find the proper 

 diameter for the latter pipe. Then from 5 on the scale of one 

 of the divided edges to 4i on the other draw a line, as shown 

 ill. /!.'/• 1, and the length of this line measured with the same 

 scale as that to which the edges are divided will be the di- 

 ameter of pipe required — in this case 6 j inches. On the other 

 hand, if a pipe, D, Cj inches in diameter, be delivered into a 

 pipe, a, 5 inches in diameter, and it was requned to know 

 what other size of pipe, b, should also be supplied, all that 

 would be necessary would be to take the division point 5 on 

 one edge as a centre, and with G':j inches as a radius, describe 

 an arc cutting the other divided edge. The point at which 

 the latter edge was cut by this arc would show the diameter of 

 pipe required. 



Besides being useful /or determinmg the diameters of pipes 

 or circles of equivalent areas, the instrument is also available 

 for determining the sides of equivalent squares, while by a 

 little contrivance it can be made available for determining the 

 diameter of a pipe or bar having a sectional ai-ea equal to the 

 aggi-egate sectional areas of any number of other pipes or bars 

 of which the diameters are known. To use it for this pui-pose 

 it is only uecessaiy — first, to determme by its aid the diameter 

 of pipe or bar equivalent to any two of the whole number, and 

 next to ascertain the equivalent of the diameter thus ascer- 

 tained, and that of a third pipe or bar, and so on. The ar- 

 rangement of the instrument is, of course, founded on the 

 fact that the areas of squares and cii-cles increase as the 

 squares of then- sides and diameters respectively, and that the 

 square of the hypotheneuse of a right-angled triangle is equal 

 to the sum of the squares of its two sides. — (/iH;//i»7i Mtrliaiiir 

 (iiid Tl'urhl of Scifih-i'.} 



REVIEW. 



TJif Xattiml BUtorij nf the Year. By tli? late Bernaup 



BoiLiNOBEOKE WooDWAED,B.A. Eevlscd Edition. London : 



S. W. Partridge* Co. 



In waUiing round the Acmlemy " doing the pictures," ac- 

 cording to the talk of the day, how tired we become of like- 

 nesses of mayors and aldermen, M.P.'s, and couutrj' gentle- 

 men, all in the stiff dress, the black frock coat usually, of 

 modern Ufe ; and what a relief it is to stand before some 

 picture of country life or scene — some " Autumn Gold," or 

 " Sheep-shearing," or " Spring," or " Chill October," or the 

 like. Many gather round such views, and admu'e and linger, 

 so great a hold has Nature upon us all. The town-Uving man 

 lingers, and the scene portraj'cd recalls some such one known 

 to him in foimer years ; and even the one just " in town " for 

 a few weeks loves such pictures better than all the rest, al- 

 though, or perhaps beeanse, he lives habitually among such 

 in reality. Thackeraj', m one of his charming earlier papers, 

 expresses his wish to have his room in London, in which he 

 wrote, hung with landscapes. No stift' formal figures should 

 be there, no likeness of soldier or statesman, but country views 

 — pictures to take him in thought into the hayfield, among 

 the woods, on the breezy heath, or the rich harvest fields, 

 " half-shocked, half-waving in a flood of light." We cannot 

 wonder at such a wish. 



Now, in opening the pretty book at the head of this article, 

 such feelings, " hankermgs " we may call them, after rural 

 scenes are thoroughly gratified. The pictures, very pretty ones, 

 take the eye into the countiy, the letterpress takes the mind 

 there. The book reminds us of early friends of ours, the works 

 of Thomas Miller with a dash of William Howitt, and still 

 more, in the descriptions of natural histoiy, of White's 

 " Selbome." 



The work is dedicated " To the rising generation through- 

 out the dominions of Her Majesty Queen Victoria," and a book 

 most eminently suited for young people it undoubtedly is. 

 That capital paper m the old " Evenings at Home " — we think 

 that was the title— called " Eyes and no Eyes," did us m our 

 youth much good — taught us to look out for beauties around 

 ns and close to us, in the bird hopping near, the Daisy at our 

 feet, the tree above us, the Fungi at its root. So is this 

 prettily illustrated, prettily wTitteu book, suited on a larger 

 scale to mstruct and please the young by teaching them what 

 to look for, love, and admii-e in the pages of Nature, as shown 

 to them month after month. There is, too, a very reverent 

 tone about the writer ; his book is a kind of commentary upon 

 the words of the Psalmist, " The works of the Lord are gi-eat, 

 sought out of all thini that liavc pleasure tlirreiii." Mr, 



