ON VARIETIES, EACliS, SUB-SFECIES, AND Sl'ECIKg. 77 



precise modifications which have been caused by climate and 

 cultivation. 



Without pretending to decide whether the Cherry {Prunus 

 Cerastes, L.) is indigenous to western Europe, and more especi- 

 ally to France, as Rozier thinks, or whether it is a native oi' 

 Asia, and more particularly of tlie neighbourhood of Cerasonte, 

 where it was observed growing wild by Tournefort ; without 

 inquiring whether these are not themselves modifications of a 

 type, we may say that tlie Cherry, in the slate in wiiich it is at 

 present found cidtivated in France, is represented by races, the 

 type of which is not certainly known ; and in this case we may 

 cite it as a third example of the distinction Delta 3. 



Distinction Epsilon. 



Let us take it for granted that the white man and the negro 

 have descended from the same father and the same mother ; in- 

 asmuch as it never lias happened that a negro lias been born of 

 white parents, nor a white child of negro parents, the species 

 man is, according to tliis supposition, represented by two varieties 

 which preserve their essential differences with constancy under 

 the same circumstances. Now as soon as varieties of the same 

 species have become fixed to this extent they may be correctly 

 named sub-species, always bearing in mind iiowever that we 

 supposed at the outset that the white man and the negro are not 

 two different species. 



In short, the species to which the distinction Epsilon is appli- 

 cable, contain no individual types of species, but permanent sub- 

 species, the number of wliich may vary. 



Four cases present themselves with respect to the sub-species 

 of a vegetable species. 



Case 1. 

 There may be races v/ithout varieties. 



Case 2. 



There may be races with varieties which cannot be propagated 

 by seed. 



Case 3. 



There may be races with varieties which caii be propagated by 

 seed. 



Case 4. 



There may be races with varieties : 

 a. Capable of proi)agation by seed ; 

 h. Incapable of propagation by seed. 



Such are, in our opinion, the rational distinctions which may 

 generally be established at the present time between individuals 



