106 ON VARIETIES, BACES, SUB-SPECIES, AND SPECIES. 



Pyrenees; the Liverdun of the Moselle ; the Sarfejar of Hungary ; 

 the Cliasselas of Fontainebleau, which preserves its qualities at 

 La Doree, in an arid soil. 



We have already stated, in our first article, that the Cot, or 

 Auxerrois, yields nearly the same produce on the hill-sides of the 

 Cher and the banks of the Lot. 



The Grey Pinot (Malvoisie, Fromenteau, Auxerrois, Eoth- 

 klercher, Baratzin-szollo) has the same character in very dif- 

 ferent countries. Count Odart obtained specimens not only 

 from distant departments, but from Italy, G-ermany, and even 

 England, and they were all alike. 



The Teinturier, or great Black, is another example in point. 



The Sirrah (small), which forms the larger portion of the 

 Hermitage vineyards in the department of the Drome, main- 

 tains its character in Touraine and the department of Vaucluse, 

 where, according to M. Reynier, it yields a better wine than the 

 plants of that country. 



These facts are then conformable to those of which we spoke 

 when treating of the propagation of certain varieties of vine by 

 seed. 



There are varieties which are not constant, not only in distant 

 countries, but in the same country in different soils. Count 

 Odart gives as an example of this the Carbenet, cultivated in the 

 arrondissement of Chinon : planted in a chalky soil, it yields an 

 excellent grape, from which very superior wine is obtained ; in 

 gravelly and rather stiff soil its wine is rich in colour and keeps 

 well ; in a hungry, sandy soil by a river side its wine is light, 

 cold, and does not keep ; lastly, in a soil that is shallow and 

 whitened by the tufa beneath, its wine is cold, flat, and 

 colourless. 



The conclusions to be drawn from the above facts, illustrating 

 the propagation of the vine by seed and by division, are then the 

 same as those already drawn by us from the propagation of 

 plants in general by these two methods. This agreement, quite 

 conformable to our definitions of species, sub-species, race, and 

 simple variety, considered in living bodies, enables us to reca- 

 pitulate the facts above explained as follows. 



Recapitulation. 



The general propositions and definitions laid down in the 

 present essay are subordinate to what we conceive to be the true 

 experimental method. Facts are collected by observation ; they 

 are submitted to a mental analysis in order that they may be as 

 much as possible simplified and referred to their immediate 

 causes ; then recourse is had to experiment to test the truth or 

 probability of our deductions. It is by experiment then that we 



t 



