PIPISTRELLUS 203 



1S56. Nannugo Kolenati, Allgcm. deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, Dresden 



neue Polge, ii, p. 131 {nathusii, pipistrelhis, and kuhlii). 

 1857. Vesperugo Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 49 (part). 

 1878. Vesperugo Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 183 (part). 

 1897. Pipistrellm Miller, Ann. and IMag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser , sx n 384 



October, 1897. ' 



1899. Euvespemgo Acloque, Fauna de Prance, Mammiferes, p. 35 (part 



included noctula, leisleri, maurus, kuhlii, pipistrellus, and 



aoramusj. 



1907. Piiyistrellus Miller, Families and Genera of Bats, p. 204 June 29 

 1907. ^ ' 



Tjipe speciefi.— Vespertilio pipistrelhts Schreber. 



Geographical distribution.— Entire mainland of Eastern Hemi- 

 sphere to hmit.s of tree growth, also Malay Archipelai(o, New 

 Guinea, Solomon Islands, and northern Australia ; in America 

 trom_ northern United States (except in boreal zone) to southern 

 Mexico. 



Characters.— Like Eptesicus (p. 224), but with 2-2 upper 

 premolars ; dental formula : i |f, c U, pm ||, m •"-■' = 34. 



BemarTcs.—The genus Pipistrellus is widely distributed in the 

 warmer portions of the Old World and of North America. 

 About forty species are now known, four of which occur in 

 ^urope. Externally these may often be confused with the smaller 

 Myotis, though they may usually be recognized by a certain 

 heaviness of form, and more especially by the shorter ear and 

 less slender tragus. Though often regarded as nearly related to 

 JSyctalus, on account of the similarity of dental formula, this 

 genus IS much the more primitive of the two, its members 

 showing no tendency to modify the ordinary vespertilionine wing 

 structure. It is in reality not much more than a sub-genus of 

 ±.ptesicus (see remarks under the latter), though for the sake of 

 convenience the two groups are best treated as distinct. 



KEY TO THE EUEOPEAN SPECIES OF PIPISTRELLUS. 



Anterior upper premolar excessively minute, some- 

 tunes hidden by the gum, its crown area much 

 less than that of outer incisor ; anterior lower 

 premolar with crown area less than half that 

 of posterior premolar ; greatest width of tragus 

 nearly equal to length of anterior border ; hairs 

 of back usually with noticeably contrasted light 



. , *'.P^ P. savii, p. 219. 



Anterior upper premolar not excessively minute, 



never hidden by the gum, its crowu a'rea about 



equal to that of outer incisor; anterior lower 



premolar with crown area more than half that 



of posterior premolar ; greatest width of tragus 



much less than length of anterior border ; hairs 



of back without noticeably contrasted light tips. 



Outer upper incisor less than half as high as 



inner ; large upper premolar almost or quite 



m contact with canine, the small premolar 



forced inwardfrom tooth-row and scarcelv or 



not visible from outer side " p. kuhlii, p 215 



