NYCTALUS 245 



Remarks. — Ni/ctalus maximus is readily distinguished among 

 the bats of Eui-ope by its large size. It is at present a rare and 

 little known animal. 



9 al. Pisa, Italy. Dr. A. Senna (e). 94. 6. 3. 3.. 



6 al. Ravenna. Florence iluseura (e). 85. 7. C. 9. 



i al. Lidth dc Jeude Coll. 67. 4. 12. 337. 



NYCTALUS NOCTULA Schreber. 



1774. Vcspcrtilio nochda Sohreber, Saugthiere, i, pi. lii ; description, i, 



p. 16G, under name : Die Speckmaus (France ; based primarily 



on " La Noctule " of Daubenton, Hist. Acad. Royale des Sci., 



Paris, 1759, p. 376. 1765). 

 1776. Vespertilio lardarius P. L. S. MiiUer, Natursyst. Suppl. u. Regist.- 



Band, p. 15 (France; based primarily on Schreber's Speckmaus). 

 1789. [Vespertilio] magnus Borkenhaut, Syn. Nat. Hist. Great Britain and 



Ireland, i, p. 1 (Cambridge, England; based on Pennant, Brit. 



Zool., No. 38). 

 1789. Vespertilio altivolans White, Nat. Hist, and Antiquities of Selborne, 



p. 93 (Selborne, Hampshire, England). 

 1816. ? Vespertilio major Leach, Syst. Catal. Spec. Indig. Mamm. and 



Birds Brit. ]Mus. (Willoughby Society reprint, 1882), p. 5 Nomen 



nudum : " Great Bat." 

 1818. Vespertilio proterus Kuhl, Ann. Wetterau, Gesellsch. Naturk, iv 



(= Neue Ann., i), pt. 1, p. 41 (Substitute for noctula). 

 1829. Vespertilio rufesccns Brehm, Isis, p. 643 (Jena, Thiiringen, Germany). 

 1841. Vespertilio noctula Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., i, lud. Distrib. 



(sp. iUustr.). 

 1841. Noctula serotina Bonaparte, Iconogr. Faun. Ital., i, Ind. Distrib. 



(uomencl. moderna). 

 1844. Vcsp[ertilio] palustris Crespon, Faune M6ridionale, i, p. 22 (marshes 



near Nimes, Gard, France). 

 1857. Vesperugo noctula Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlands, p. 53. 

 1869. [Vesperugo noctula] var. minima Fatio, Faune Vert. Suisse, i, p. 58 



(Geneva, Switzerland). 

 1878. Vesperugo noctula Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 212. 

 1897. Ptenjqistes noctula Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., xx, 



p. 384, October, 1897. 

 1910. Nyctalus noctula Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, p. 18. 



Tjipe locality. — France. 



Geographical diMrihutian. — Europe from southern Norway 

 and central Sweden to the Mediterranean, and from England 

 eastward into Asia. 



Diagnosis. — Condylobasal length of skull, 17 '4 to 19 '4 mm. ; 

 forearm, 47 to 55 mm. ; general colour dark j'ellowish brown, the 

 hairs not darker at base. 



External characters. — General form robust and heavy. Muzzle 

 broad, with conspicuous glandular swelling between eye and 

 nostril, the greatest width across this region decidedly more than 

 distance between nostril and ear ; nostrils projecting forward and 

 outward with evident median concavity between them, the orifice 

 crescentic. Ear short, extending when laid forward about half 



