uRsus 287 



1804. [Urstts arctos] var. 4. stenorostris Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 



p. G85 (Poland ; based on Cuvier, Oss. Fossiles, iv, p. 332, 2ad var., 



pi. xxii, fig. 4). 

 1864. Myrmarctos evcrsmanni Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. C95 



(Norway). 

 1910. Ursus arctos, U. arctos formicarius, U. arctos alpinus, and JJ. arctos 



pyrenaicus Trouessart, Faune Mamm. d'Europe, pp. 67-08. 



Type locality. — Sweden. 



Geographical distribution. — Entire continent of Europe wher- 

 ever sufficiently extensive forests remain ; east into Asia ; west 

 formerly to Great Britain, where it became extinct about the 

 eleventh century ; not certainly known to have occurred in 

 Ireland. 



Diagnosis. — Size moderate, condylobasal length of skull 

 ranging from about 260 to 350 mm. ; interorbital region notice- 

 ably elevated, the frontal profile strongly convex ; mesopterygoid 

 region not specially shortened and broadened, the width between 

 pterygoids decidedly less than half distance from hamular to 

 level of last molar ; colour brown or buffy, varying much in exact 

 shade, the legs usually darker than body, and feet darker than 

 legs. 



External characters. — General form short and heavy, this 

 made more apparent by the long rather loose fur. Head 

 moderately pointed, rather broad posteriorly ; ear short, narrowly 

 rounded off above, nearly concealed in the fur, its tip not extend- 

 ing to eye when laid forward ; muzzle squarely truncate, its piad 

 naked, the upper border somewhat projecting backward, its lower 

 border separated from upper lip by a broad hairy area crossed 

 at middle by a nearly bare perpendicular line. Fore foot with 

 digits robust, inconspicuously graduated, the third and fourth 

 sub-equal and loiagest, the fifth and second sub-equal and slightly 

 shorter, the first with anterior edge of ball extending about to 

 middle of that of second, this interval greater than in the case 

 of the other digits ; claws strongly curved, blunt, without evident 

 cutting edges, their length at least twice that of those on hind 

 foot ; balls of digits large, pad-like, their surface, like that of 

 pads, coarsely rugose ; main pad wider than long, covering more 

 than half surface of palm, its outer border about twice as long as 

 inner, its porterior border slightly concave, its inner portion, at 

 base of thumb, marked off from rest of pad by a slight furrow ; 

 region between main pad and balls of digits densely furred ; 

 wrist pad about as large as ball of digits, near outer margin of 

 palm, its long diameter transverse ; region between wrist-pad and 

 main pad densely furred ; hairs along edge of palm standing out 

 stiffly, especially on outer side. Hind foot longer than fore foot, 

 the second and third digits sub-equal and longest, the first and 

 fourth slightly shorter, the fifth with anterior edge of ball at 

 middle of that of fourth ; pad like that of fore foot, but with a 

 broad backward extension passing along inner side nearly or 



