434 CAENIVOKA 



GULO GULO Linnajiis 



1758. [Mnstela] giilo Liunseus, Syst. Nat., i, 10th ed., ■p. 45. 



181G. Gnlo vulgaris Oken, Lehrbuch d. Naturgesch., iii, pt. 2, p. 1001 (Re- 

 naming of (julo). 



1820. Galo borealis Nilsson, Skaud. Faun., i, p. 95 (Renaming of gHlo).\ 



1820. Gulo ardicns Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 174 (Renaming of gulo). 



1829. Gulo ardos Kaup, Entw.-Gesch. u. Natiirl. Syst. Europ. Thierw., i, 

 p. 68, described on p. G9 (Renaming of gulu). 



1857. Gulo borealis Blasius, Siiiigethiere Deutschlands, p. 209. 



1910. Gulo luscus Trouessart, Faime Mamm. d'Enrope, p. 71. Not Ursvs 



luscus Linnteus, 1758. 



1911. Gulo gulo Collett, Norges Pattedyr, p. 38G. 



Type locality. — Lapland. 



Geograp]i!cal distribution. — Northern forests of the Old 

 World ; in Europe, confined to Scandinavia and northern Russia. 



Diagnosis. — Largest of the European MustcJ idne (head and 

 Ijody, about 800 mm. ; condylobasal length of skull, about 130 

 to 140) ; general colour dark brown with a lighter crescent on 

 forehead and another lighter area crossing rump and extending 

 along sides of body toward front legs. 



E.xternal characters. — General form heavy, badger-like, the 

 apparent size of the animal as well as its shortness of limb 

 exaggerated by the great depth and peculiar quality of the fur. 

 Head short and thick ; ears densely haired both inside and out, 

 low and rounded, fully as wide as high, not appearing con- 

 spicuously above fur ; muzzle pad well defined, naked, the bare 

 region extending downward to region where upper lip folds 

 inward (the infolded portion of lip hairy). Feet broad and strong, 

 the sole and palm each with three naked or almost naked pads, 

 which are wholly concealed in winter by the dense gi'owth of 

 long hairs with which the feet are elsewhere covered, though in 

 the summer pelage they may be partly exposed ; claws strong, 

 not completely retractile, those on hind foot slightly the longer. 

 Tail short, the verteljras scarcely equal to hind foot, the entire 

 tail covered with long hairs, so as to form a dense brush, the 

 hairs at tip 70 to 140 mm. in length, according to .season, and 

 often as long as vertebrte. Fur of a peculiar and characteristic 

 quality ; underfur soft and dense, its hairs 20 to 30 mm. long 

 on back according to season ; longer hairs rather coarse and very 

 numerous, their length about 50 mm. on back, but increa.sing 

 abruptly to twice as long on flanks and rump, thus adding greatly 

 to the heavy appearance of the animal ; long hairs on wrist and 

 sides of fore foot tending to become almost bristle-like in texture. 



Colour. — Upper parts and belly a rich dark brown becoming 

 Ijlackish on legs, feet and tail ; a broad light (wood-brown) stripe 

 crosses rump and extreme base of upper side of tail and curves 

 forward along sides to axillary region where it gradually 

 disappears ; crown to and partly including ears, ami face to 



