898 KODENTIA 



Brain-case not excessively flattened, its depth 

 about twice that of rostrum ; distance from 

 lachrymal to tip of postorbital process equal 

 to about one-third condylobasal length of 

 skull ; size medium or small, form squirrel- 

 like (Ground squirrels) Citellus, p. 924. 



Brain-case much flattened, its depth not con- 

 spicuously greater than that of rostrum ; 

 distance from lachrymal to tip of postorbital 

 process less than one-fourth condj-lobasal 

 length of skull ; size largo, form badger- 

 like (Marmots) Marmola, p. 931. 



Genus SCIURUS LiniK.ni.s. 



1758. Sciurus Linuteus, Syst. Nat. i, 10th ed., p. 63 (vulgaris, by 



tautonymy). 

 1867. Sclunis Blasius, Saugethiere Deutschlauds, p. 271. 

 1893. Aphrontis Schulze, Zeitschr. fiir Naturwissensch., Leipzig, lxvi, 



p. 16.5 {vulgaris). 



Ti/pe xpccics. — Sciurus vul/jari'.s Limia'u.s. 



(ji'dtjrapliical (ii.strihutiov. — Foi'ested rcf^dons of tlif northcni 

 liemisphere, in the Old World from Ireland to Japan and north- 

 eastern Siberia ; southern limits of distribution at present 

 uncertain owing to lack of pi'ecise definition of the genus. 



Characters. — Strictly arboreal Sciuridie, of medium size and 

 typically sciurine aspect, the tail bushy and conspicuously 

 Hattened, more than half as long as head and body ; skull witli 

 deep, sti'ongly convex Ijrain-case and weak rostrum ; postorbital 

 processes slender, directed backward ; incisors strongly com- 

 pressed ; anterior upper premolar vestigial, usually present as a 

 practically functionless terete spike ; crowns of molars low, those 

 of u])per teeth with two moderately developed cross ridges and a 

 broad, low inner cusp (not forming a U^^t^'^'P^d pattern with 

 wear), those of lower teeth distinctly basin-shaped. 



Ii(')uarl:s. — In the present uncertainty regarding the classifica- 

 tion of the squirrels, it is impossible to frame a satisfactory 

 diagnosis of the genus Sciuruti, or to estimate the number of 

 forms that should be referred to the group. Only the type 

 species occurs within the limits of the present work ; it is repre- 

 sented by thirteen geographical ivh'cs. 



SCIURUS VULGARIS Linn;eus. 

 (Synonymy under subspecies.) 



Geographical diiitrihutio)i.- -'Wood&\ portions of Europe from 

 the extreme northern limits of ti-ee growth to the Mediterranean 

 coast, and from Ireland eastward into Asia. 



Diagnosis. — Size medium (head and body i-anging in the 

 different races from 205 to 280 mm., tail from 160 to 242, hind 

 foot from 55 to G6, condylobasal length of skull from 45 to 55) ; 



