cKRvus 965 



and the ModitLirraiieiiii coast to northern Seotlaml and central 

 Sweden ; an isolated race on , the coast of central Norway ; 

 absent from the peninsula of Italy ; eastern limit of range not 

 known. 



Diagnosis. — Height at shoulder about 1370 mm. or less; 

 upper length of skull in adult male usually about 330 to 370 mm. ; 

 tail rather long, pointed ; ear more than half as long as head ; 

 general colour reddish brown in summer, gre^'ish browu in winter. 



FIG. :;o.3. 

 Ccrvus claphus. Inuisiform teeth. Nat. size. 



the underparts always somewhat paler (drab), but never strongly 

 contrasted ; a dark dorsal line sometimes present ; no conspicuous 

 whitish markings except occasionally the speculum, which may 

 however be indistinct ; antlers terete throughout except for the 

 flattening wliich often occurs in region of " cup " in old individuals ; 

 in fully developed antlers there are normally present a brow tine, 

 bez tine and more than 5 points. 



CERVUS ELAPHUS GERMANicus Desmarest. 



1822. Ccrvus claphus germanicus Desmarest, Mammalogio, ii, p. 43i 



(Germany). 

 1822. ? Ccrvus elaphus albus Desmarest, JIammalogie, ii, p. 435 {nomeii 



nudum). 

 1815. Ccrvus claphus albifrons Reichenbach, Vollstiiudigste Naturgesch. 



des In- und Auslands, Siiugeth., iii, pi. ill bis, fig. 26 (no exact 



locality; see p. 18). 

 1857. Ccrvus claphus Blasius, Siiugethiere Deutschlands, p. 439. 

 1874. Ccrvus claphus, varius Fitsiinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, lxix, pt. i, p. 674 (Germany). 

 1874. Ccrvus claphus, albus Pitzinger, Sitzungsber. kais. Akad. Wissensch. 



Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Classe, LXix, pt. i, p. 575 (Germany). 

 1898. ? Ccrvus claphus viaral Lydckker, Deer of All Lands, p. 79 (part ; 



specimens from the Galician Carpathians, Hungary). 

 1903. Ccrvus vulgaris Botezat, ilorphol. Jahrb., xxxii, p. 115, November 17, 



1903 (Renaming of claphus). 



