20 BULLETIN 137;, UNITBD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



and the Malay. Similarly, one may segregate three cultural stiuta 

 existing side by side in the islands. Although one of the physical 

 types may have borrowed elements of its culture from the other, 

 and although one may have borrowed from the Asiatic mainland to a 

 greater extent than either of the otlier tvv^o stocks, it is on the whole 

 correct to ascribe a distinct culture to each of the three stocks. 



Negritos. — The Negrito is usually referred to as the earliest immi- 

 grant to the Philippines. The reasons cited in making this asser- 

 tion are geographical, cultural, and racial. The Philippine Negrito 

 is a member of a race that has everywhere been pushed back into the 

 forested uplands of the continent or island group in which it dwells. 

 The first census of the Philippine Islands classified these backward 

 people as either " Igorot " or as " Bukidnon " (hill people). Each of 

 these terms is now applied to a separate and distinct tribe ; the first, 

 " Igorot," to an Indonesian tribe occupying a limited area in north- 

 ern Luzon, and the second, the " Bukidnon," to a pagan Malay tribe 

 living in the island of Mindanao. The Negrito lives in widely scat- 

 tered regions in Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, and other islands. The 

 Tagalog, cbvelling in the central plains of Luzon, speak of the Luzon 

 Negrito as the " aeta," " eta," or "' atta." The Palawan Island 

 Negrito hybrid is called " Batak." This term should not be confused 

 with the " Battak " of north Sumatra. Gathered here and there in 

 limited numbers in the mountainous areas of southern and eastern 

 Luzon, in Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, and Mindanao there exist 

 remnants of the same Negrito stock. 



If one includes the Negrito-Malay hybrid element wliich is for 

 the most part usually reckoned a part of the non-Negrito stock 

 often referred to as the "remontados" (outlaws), together with all 

 tribes jDossessing Negrito blood, the total number living in the 

 Philippines scarcely exceeds 30,000. Characteristic of the Negrito 

 is his diminutive size, his frizzy hair, his black skin color, and hia 

 meager culture. He "may be considered as a true pygmy with an 

 average height of less than 156 centimeters (5 feet). Similar 

 Negrito types are present in some of the other sections of Malaysia, 

 notably in the interior of the Malay Peninsula and in the Andaman 

 Islands. They are also present to the south in the interior of the 

 island of New Guinea. The racial affiliations of the Negrito lie 

 with the black peoples of Melanesia and Africa, although he is 

 decidedly broad headed, which the African Negro is not.* 



Indonesians, Mohammedan, Christian, and Pagan Malayan 

 stocks. — The majority of the non-Negrito population belongs to two 

 closely related brown-skinned stocks which are Imown, respectively, 

 as the Indonesians and Malays. Differences existing between the 

 two stocks seem to be mostly cultural. Physical distinctions, how- 

 ever, exist. The Indonesian is shorter of stature, has a longer head 



