PHIMITIVE WEAPONS AND AKMOR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 87 



is curved, slightly concave at the back, and has a corresponding con- 

 vexity of cutting edge. The inner lateral surface is smooth and 

 flat, while the outer surface slopes from a well-defined median ridge 

 to the cutting edge, also to the back. The blade tapers gradually 

 from center to point, which is acute. Handle is formed of lauan 

 wood shaped octagonally and ferruled with iron bands. Stamped- 

 leather scabbard, fashioned in Spanish style. 



Length of blade, 42.5 centimeters (16.7 inches) ; length of blade, 

 handle, and scabbard, 55 centimeters (21.6 inches). Collected by 

 Mrs. James F. Courts. (PI. 12. No. 1.) Cat. No. 292426, U.S.N.M. 



Knife^ Samar Island. — This blade is similar to the one just de- 

 scribed. As it is flattened on the outer side and not on the inner, as 

 is Cat. No. 292426, U.S.N.M., it is probable that it Avas made for a 

 left-handed man. The weapon was captured by F. H. Driver while 

 connected with Companj^ I, Eleventh United States Infantry, at 

 Quinapundar, Samar Islands. The handle is composed of hard- 

 wood deeply grooved transversely in the form of scrolls and is fer- 

 ruled with brass. Cat. No. 329461. U.S.N.M. (PI. 13, No. 1.) 



Knife., Moro, Jolo Island. — The blade is long, flat, and narrow. 

 In shape it conforms to the type just described, having a low 

 curved belly, concave at the back, and provided with convex cutting 

 edge. , An ornamental design etched on both lateral sides covers the 

 surface of the proximal end sector near the back. This consists of 

 copper inlay on a pattern of parallel incised lines arranged rickrack 

 fashion. Handle and sheath are of molave hardwood, carved on 

 both sides in rickrack pattern; a similar wood carving appears on 

 the outer side of the sheath. The two sections of which the sheath 

 is built up are banded with four iron cufi's. The guard disk is S 

 shape and is of plain copper. (PI. 13, No. 11.) 



HEAD HUNTING AND ASSOCIATED CEREMONIAL WEAPONS 



Institution of head hunting. — One of the most impelling motives 

 of intertribal warfare among the savage pagan and also among the 

 Moro tribes is the prestige that attaches to those who have been suc- 

 cessful in battle. The strongest and bravest of the tribe are entitled 

 to enjoy a special title, "mangani," and to wear a special costume. 

 Among the Bagobos, for example, a man Avho has killed two people 

 is permitted to wear a chocolate-colored headband ; if the number of 

 his victims is four, he may don trousers of a blood red hue; when the 

 number of killings amounts to six, he is able to com[)letely apparel 

 himself in maroon clothing. The incentive to make raids on neigh- 

 boring tribes and villages is enhanced by the desire of every able- 

 l)odied Bagobo man to become a" mangani " ; the desire to collect 

 loot and slaves supplies an auxiliary motive when no other exists. 



