PRIMITIVE WEAPONS AND ARMOR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 105 



from the Igorot shield in that the cut portions at the top and base 

 are less in width. The imcul sections left projecting from the body 

 of the shield are as long as those found on Igorot shields, but they 

 are ornamental and would prove quite inefficient weapons in personal 

 combat. The jDaneling on the obverse is similar to that occurring 

 in Igorot shields and consists of straight sections carved from the 

 solid in low relief near the lateral edges, and of curved sections 

 facing the central elevation of the boss. In a general way the 

 shield is convex on the obverse and circularly concave on the re- 

 verse. On both sides occur painted designs consisting of banded 

 longitudinal strips and small interlocking cell-like designs having 

 six sides resembling a honeycomb. There is no median ridge eleva- 

 tion and the three-finger grip is cut out of the solid underneath the 

 boss elevation. 



Length of body of shield, 61.5 centimeters (24.2 inches) ; breadth 

 of shield at center, 27.G centimeters (10.8 inches). Collected by 

 Arthur li. Fergusson. Cat. No. 324372, U.S.N.M. 



Ohlong shield. — Carved from light wood, plain on the reverse 

 and painted a blue-black with indigo on the obverse. Handle grip 

 carved out of the solid; no median ridge reinforcement; general 

 form elbow or roof shape in section. Surface carving representing 

 a snake seizing a deer; carving in low relief and painted green. 

 Ornamental stubs at top and base of shield, two at the top and one 

 centrally placed at the bottom. 



Length of shield, 104 centimeters (40 inches) ; width, 22.4 centi- 

 meters (9 inches). Collected by Colonel Johnson, Fifteenth Cavalry, 

 United States Armv, and presented bv Douglass N. Starr. Cat. No. 

 305658, U.S.N.M. '(PL 1.) 



Ohlong practice shield^ Moro., Lake Lanao^ Mindanao . — Narrow 

 oblong Avooden shield with lateral edges incurved and scalloped. 

 Crudely constructed and unpainted. Used by boys to learn the war 

 dances. They whirl in the dance with muscles and nerves tense until 

 pale and exhausted. A practice sword accompanying the shield is 

 also made of wood. 



Length of shield, 96.2 centimeters, (37 inches) ; width, 13 centi- 

 meters (5 inches.) (PI. 1.) Collected by Chaplain Joseph Clemens, 

 United States Army. Cat. No. 257693, U.S.N.M. 



Ohlong toood shield., Bagoho., Mindanao. — Formed from one piece 

 of hardwood with the exception of a small additional section glued 

 cm at the base. The shield is flat in section and is uniforml}' curved 

 in double sigmoid curve with greatest obverse projection at center, 

 at top, and at base. The characteristic diamond-shape stub projects 

 from the body at the top ; lateral edges are straight at central sector 

 and incurved at top and base. An inlay of small white shell beads 

 surrounds the border and fills in two parallel filleted incised grooves 



