1>K1MITIVE WEAPONS AND ARMOR OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 109 



U.S.N.M.) are of carabao horn. Undoubtedly the latter is of Moro 

 manufacture in so far as the carabao horn plates and metal orna- 

 mentation thereon are concerned. The brass plates on the former, 

 however, and the copper rings on both specimens must be ascribed 

 to the Spanish, as the quality of the chain work exceeds anythino- 

 of the kind loiown to be purely of local Moro origin. The chain 

 rings are regularly attached to four neighboring rings, as usually 

 occurs in European chain armor; each link is carefully closed but 

 is not riveted. Bashford Dean in Handbook of Arms and Armor, 

 published by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, calls attention to 

 the fact that " while European mail was rareb/ made after 1600, 

 the oriental armorers produced large quantities of chain shirts dur- 

 ing the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Only in the technical 

 details do these differ from German or Italian examples." Orna- 

 mentation on both specimens consists of thin silver leaf stamped 

 in a floriated design which is characteristic of Moro art. They are 

 attached to the underlying brass or horn plates by means of copper 

 rivets. Buckles of silver patterned in floriated ornamental design 

 serve to fasten the frontal plates together. The sleeves are made 

 entirely of chain links and are quarter length. Worn by the Moro 

 of Iligan, Mindanao, in 1903. 



Collected by Dr. Kobert B. Grubbs, United States Army. Cat. 

 Nos. 3478-3479, U.S.N.M. (PL 15, Nos. 3-4.) 



TYTB SI'ECIMBXS OF BRASS IIKLMETS 



Brass helmet, Moro. Mindanao. — This metal helmet, formerly em- 

 ployed b}' the Moro, is made of cast brass. The helmet resembles 

 the European burganet or morion which was commonly worn dur- 

 ing the middle of the sixteenth century by the armored knight, espe- 

 cially as a protection against guniire at close range. Such burganets 

 were undoubtedly worn by Europeans in their warfare in the East 

 Indies, although it is possible that the type of head armor worn by 

 the Spanish in their expeditions against the Moro were of a some- 

 what different type. A painting by the Filipino artist, Juan Luna, 

 which is now in the Ayuntamiento, represents the famous S]nuiish 

 explorer Legaspi and his followers in the act of performing the 

 Wood compact with the Bohol datto Sicatuna. Legaspi and liis fol- 

 lowing are here represented as wearing a later type of helmet re- 

 sembling the cabasset, a simpler form which has lost many of the 

 details of the more burdensome burganet. 



The Moro helmet here described is cast in one piece and has but 

 one movable section, the ear or cheek flai)s, which are attached by 

 a hinge. The neck piece is a short, simple, recurved flange at the 

 back resembling the umbril or visor, whicli extends downward at 



