FROGS OF SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL — COCHRAN 5 



Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix) 



Plate 1, Figures D-r 



1824. Bufo ephippium Spix, p. 48, pi. 20, fig. 2 (type locality, Bahia), 



1826. Brachycephalus ephippium Fitzinger, pp. 39, 65. — Wagler, 1830, p. 207. — 

 TscHUDi, 1838, p. 87. — Dum:6ril and Bibron, 1841, p. 729. — GtJNTHER, 

 1858, p. 46.— Steindachner, 1867, p. 35.— Espada, 1875, p. 120. — 

 BouLENGER, 1882a, p. 156.— Gadow, 1901, p. 231.— Baumann, 1912, 

 p. 161.— MiRANDA-RiBEiRo, 1920e, p. 314, pi.; 1926, p. 177, fig. 95.— 

 L. MuLLER, 1927, p. 282.— DE Witte, 1930a, p. 220.— Mello-Leitao, 

 1937, p. 343.— Myers, 1946, pp. 15, 32. 



1835. Ephippifer aurantiacus Cocteau, p. [12], pis. 7, 8 (type locality. Province 

 of Rio [de Janeiro]). 



1835. Ephippifer spixii Cocteau, p. [12], pis. 7, 8 (type locality, Province of Bahia). 



1858. Brachycephalus aurantiacus Girard, p. 100, pi. 5, figs. 20-24. 



1920. Brachycephalus atelopoide Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920e, p. 313 (type locality, 

 Piquete, Sao Paulo); 1926, p. 178. 



1920. Brachycephalus nodoterga Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920e, p. 314 (type locality, 

 Serra Cantareira, Sao Paulo); 1926, p. 178. 



1920. Brachycephalus garbeana Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920e, p. 314, pi. (type 

 locality, Serra de Maca6, Rio de Janeiro); 1926, p. 178. 



1920. Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920e, p. 314 (type locality 

 not given) ; 1926, p. 178. 



Description. — Adult, USNAI 97425, Tijuca, city of Rio de Janeiro. 

 Width of tongue about one-half that of mouth-opening, spatulate, 

 without indentation on its very free posterior border; snout short, 

 broadly rounded at the tip when seen from above, nearly vertical in 

 profile; upper jaw not extending beyond the lower; nostrils antero- 

 lateral and below canthal ridge, almost at end of snout, separated 

 from each other by an interval twice that of their distance from eye. 

 Can thus rostralis distinct, the loreal region flat and vertical; upper 

 lip also vertical, but with a slight groove marking the upper edge of 

 the maxilla. Eye large, noticeable because of its color, but not 

 projecting much, its diameter about four-fifths its distance from 

 end of snout; interorbital diameter l)i times the width of upper eyelid, 

 equal to distance between nostrils. Tj'^mpanum hidden. Only the 

 third finger well developed, the first and fourth small and almost 

 completely joined to the palm, the second a little longer; no true 

 webs exist, but the fingers are closely bound together by flesh at their 

 bases; tips of second and thu'd fingers pointed, the bases fleshy and 

 conical; no subarticular tubercles on fingers or toes; first and fifth toes 

 similarly reduced to little excrescences on sides of foot; small vestiges 

 of webs between second, third, and fourth toes, with dermal ridges 

 on the sides; no inner or outer metatarsal tubercles or tarsal ridges. 

 Body stout and toadlike, the heavy bony Ivnobs behind the eyes 

 resembling the parotoid glands of a toad; head measured across those 

 knobs about equal to postaxillary width of body; when hind legs are 



