FROGS OF SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL — COCHRAN 17 



Specimens examined 

 BRAZIL: 



DisTRiCTO Federal: Covanca, near Jacar6pagu6, USNM 97486-94, Cochran, 



Dias, Venancio, Feb, 7, 1935. 

 Rio db Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, USNM 96539-40 (cotypes of Euxieinphix 

 olfersioides) , Pugas, April 1924. Sacco Sao Francisco, near Niter6i, USNM 

 96412 (cotype of E. olfersioides), A. Lutz, 1923. 

 COLOMBIA: Villavicencio, USNM 118718-9. 



Family Bufonidae 

 Genus Bufo Laurenti 



1768, Bufo Laurenti, p. 25. (Genotype, Bufo vulgaris Laurenti.) 



Generic diagnosis. — No maxillary or vomerine teeth; a large parotoid 

 gland present; shoulder-girdle arciferous; lateral sacral processes di- 

 lated. 



Remarks. — Among the several forms of this genus found within the 

 vast limits of Brazil, perhaps the most interesting are the so-called 

 giant toads, classed until recently under the name Bufo marinus (Lin- 

 naeus). In 1924, Dr. Lutz's collector, Joaquim Venancio, observed 

 that the giant toads in Minas Gerais lived on top of the serra 

 in arid fields several kilometers from the nearest water. This 

 habitat was so very different from that of the Rio de Janeiran 

 form, which always lived near water, that he mentioned the fact to 

 Dr. Lutz, who found structural differences as well, and described 

 the former species under the name of Bujo paracnemi^. The Spix 

 name ictericus seems applicable to the lowland form. Both ictericus 

 and paracnemis occur in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, 

 indicating that they are in reality distinct species, and indeed their 

 differences are so marked that there is likely to be little confusion 

 except between very young ones. 



Two fine paratypes of Bufo pygmaeus Alyers and Carvalho (1952, 

 p. 1 ; type locality, Sao Joao da Barra, mouth of Rio Paraiba, Rio de 

 Janeiro) reached me too late for consideration in the present paper. 

 These miniature toads are related to the forms of Bufo granulosus. 



For a statistical analysis of measurements Jof [the species of Bufo 

 here discussed, see pages 373 and 374. 



Key to species of Bufo of southeastern Brazil 



a'. Bony projection on edge of upper jaw directly below tympanum; bony 

 supratympanic crest more or less well developed, sometimes extending 



backward to cover parotoid typhonms (p. 39) 



a^. No distinct projection on edge of jaw. 



6'. Upper jaw scarcely extending anteriorly beyond lower jaw. 



c'. Parotoids rather small; dorsum dark brown, usxially with a light midline. 



cnicifer (p. 18) 

 26200ft— 55 3 



