FROGS OF SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL — COCHRAN 39 



difference is the extremely warty skin of arenarum, while rufus is one 

 of the smoothest of Brazilian toads, suggesting B. crucifer in this 

 respect. 



Specimens examined 

 BRAZIL: 



MiNAS Gebais: USNM 70605, Metcalf, Oct. 17, 1925. Bello Horizoute, 

 USNM 9723&-7 (cotypes of Bufo rubescens), A. Lutz, May 1925; USNM 

 96949, Feb. 1, 1929. Congonhas, ZSBS 35/1935 (3), Oser. 



Rio de Janeiro; USNM 70606, Metcalf, Oct. 21, 1925. 



Bufo typhonius (Linnaeus) 



FiGUEE 4; Plate 4, Figures p, g 



1758. Rana typhonia Linnaeus, p. 211 (type locality, America). — Gmelin, 1789, 

 p. 1050.— Shaw, 1802, p. 159, pi. 45. 



1768. Rana margaritifera Laurenti, p. 30 (type locality, Brazil). — Gmblin, 1789, 

 p. 1050. 



1799. Bufo typhonius Schneider, p. 207. — Merrem, 1820, p. 181. — Peters, 

 1873a, p. 226.— Boulenger, 1882a, p. 317, fig.; 1884a, p. 637; 1898a, 

 p. 132; 1898b, p. 123; 1903a, p. 69; 1913, p. 1022.— GtJNTHER, 1901, 

 p. 253.— Werner, 1901, p. 600.— Lidth db Jeudb, 1904, p. 93. — 

 Psracca, 1904b, p. 36.— Despax, 1911, p. 43.— Baumann, 1912, p. 97, 

 fig. A; 1917, pp. 132, 143.— Fowler, 1913, p. 153.— Ruthven, 1919, 

 p. 8.— Beebe, 1919, p. 207; 1925, p. 125.— Barbour and Noble, 1920, 

 p. 425.— Procter, 1921, p. 191.— Nieden, 1923, p. 139.— Cott, 1926, 

 p. 1159.- Brazil and Vellard, 1926, p. 23.— Parker, 1926b, p. 554; 

 1934b, p. 266; 1935, p. 509; 1938, p. 439.— A. Lutz, 1927, p. 40; 1934, 

 pp. 130, 156.— Ahl, 1929, p. 149, photo.— deWitte, 1930a, p. 17.— 

 Nic^foro-Maria, 1930, p. 104. — Crawford, 1931, p. 29. — Crawford 

 and Jones, 1933, p. 88. — Muller and Hellmich, 1936, p. 20, fig. 6. — 

 Hellmich, 1939, p. 537.— Andersson, 1939, p. 19; 1945, p. 61. — Mello- 

 Leitao, 1937, p. 292. — Melin, 1941, p. 16. — Travassos and Freitas, 

 1942, p. 282. 



1799. Bufo nasuUis Schneider, p. 217 (type locality, Brazil). 



1803. Bufo margaritifer Daudin, 1802, p. 89, pi. 33, fig. 1; 1803, p. 179.— Dum^ril 

 and BiBRON, 1841, p. 718. — Steindachner, 1867, p. 47. — Cope, 1874, 

 p. 120; 1887, p. 45. 



1824. Oxyrhynchus naricus Spix, p. 49, pi. 14, fig. 2 (type locality, Amazon River). 



1824. Oxrhynchus nasulus Spix, p. 50, pi. 14, fig. 3. 



1824. Oxyrhynchus acutirostris Spix, p. 52, pi. 21, fig. 3 (type locality, Amazon 

 River) . 



1824. Oxyrhynchus proboscideus Spix, p. 53, pi. 21, fig. 4. — Espada, 1875, p. 178. 



1824. Oxyrhynchus spixii Wied, 1824a, pi. [61], fig. 3 (type locality, Brazil). 



1838. Osilophus typhonius Tschudi, p. 89. 



1843. Otolophus margaritifer Fitzinger, p. 32. 



1843. Eurhina proboscideus Fitzinger, p. 32. 



1845. Trachycara fusca Tschudi, p. 78, pi. 11, fig. 5 (type locality, region of Ceja 

 between Jauja and Uchubamba, Perii). — Peters, 1873b, p. 624. 



1858. Otilophus margaritifer 0. Schmidt, p. 251, pi. 2, figs. 15-16. — Gunthee, 

 1858, p. 69; 1859, p. 89.— Cope, 1862b, p. 357. 



1858. Bufo pleuropterus O. Schmidt, p. 252, pi. 2, figs. 17-19 (type locality, 

 Bolivia to Peru).— GtJnther, 1858, p. 142. 



