2 28 Journal of Agricidtural Research voi. xxn, no. 4 



SUMMARY 



(i) The acid of the sour fruit of the wild American crab apple, Pyrus 

 coronaria, is malic acid. When the fruit undergoes autolysis under 

 anaerobic conditions, in the presence of chloroform and toluol, this acid 

 appears to be transformed largely into succinic acid. Further experi- 

 ments, however, will have to be made in order to repeat the observations 

 and to determine the exact process involved. 



(2) The acid of the outer part of the red fruit of the smooth sumac, 

 Rhus glabra, is malic acid, occurring in the form of the acid calcium 

 salt. With it is associated a considerable quantity of free gallic acid. 



(3) Malic acid is present in the form of calcium salts (both acid and 

 normal) in maple sap. The product known as "maple sand" obtained 

 from the evaporating pans is crude calcium malate. 



LITERATURE CITED 

 (i) Bloor, W. R. 



1912. STUDIES ON MALIC ACID. I. THE TRANSFORMATION OP MALIC ACID TO 

 SUGAR BY THE TISSUES OP THE MAPLE (aCER SACCHARINUm). In JoUt. 



Amer. Chetn. Soc, v. 34, no. 4, p. 534-539- 

 (2) Brunner, Heinrich, and Brandenburg, Rudolph. 



1876. UEBER DAS VORKOMMEN DER BERNSTEINSAURE IN UNREIFEN TRAUBEN. 



In Ber. Deut. Chetn. Gesell., Jahrg. 9, p. 982-984. 



is) ^^d Chuard, Ernest. 



1886. PHYTOCHEMiscHE STUDiEN. 7» Bef. Deut. Chem. Gesell., Jahrg. 19, 

 p. 595-622. 



(4) BlHGNET, H. 



1861. RECHERCHES SUR LA MATI^RE SUCR^E CONTENUE DANS LES FRUITS 

 ACIDES; SON ORIGINS, SA NATURE ET SES TRANSFORMATIONS. In Ann. 



Chim. et Phys., ser. 3, t. 61, p. 233-308. 



(5) CowLES, H. W., Jr. 



1908. THE DETERMINATION OP MALIC ACID IN FOOD PRODUCTS. In Jour. Amef. 



Chem. Soc, v. 30, no. 8, p. 1285-1288. 



(6) CzAPEK, Friedrich. 



1905. BIOCHEMIE DER PPLANZEN. 2 vol. Jena. 



(7) DessaignEs, v. 



1849. NOTE SUR LA CONVERSION DU MALATE DE CHAUX EN ACIDE SUCaNIQUE. 



In Ann. Chim. et Phys., s6r. 3, t. 25, p. 253-255. 



(8) Erhlich, Felix. 



1909. UBER DIE ENTSTEHUNG DER BERNSTEINSAURE BEI DER ALKOHOLISCHEN 



garung. In Biochem. Ztschr., Bd. 18, Heft 3/5, p. 391-423. 



(9) Frankporter, G. B., and Martin, A. W. 



1904. A CHEMICAL STUDY OP THE SEED OP RHUS GLABRA. In Amer. JoUT. 



Pharm., v. 76, no. 4, p. 151-158. 



(10) Harden, Arthur. 



19OI. THE CHEMICAL ACTION OF BACILLUS COLI COMMUNIS AND SIMILAR ORGAN- 

 ISMS ON CARBOHYDRATES AND ALLIED COMPOUNDS. In JoUt. Chem. 



Soc. [London] Trans., v. 79, pt. i, p. 610-628. 



(11) LiEBiG, Justus. 



1849. UEBER DIE DARSTELLUNG DER BERNSTEINSAI7RE AUS APPELSAUREM 

 KALK. In Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., Bd. 70, Heft i, p. 104-107. 



