Nov. 19. 1921 Hemotoxins from Parasitic Worms 423 



blance to tissue lysins appears to be very close. The Ascaris lumhricoides 

 hemolysin as well as the Bustomum phleboiomum and Ancylostoma 

 caninum hemolysins are not active at low temperatures, as shown else- 

 where in this paper. 



Experiments with a species of Moniezia similar to those performed 

 with Thysanosoma actinioides have yielded negative results. The addi- 

 tion of various quantities of powdered Moniezia material to suspension of 

 washed red blood cells of rabbit and sheep produced no destructive 

 action on the cells. A salt-solution extract of Moniezia powder was 

 likewise nonhemolytic when tested on washed sheep blood cells. An 

 ether extract was only slightly hemolytic, but after removing from the 

 ether extract the acetone-insoluble fraction, presumably lecithin, its 

 hemolytic potency was no longer manifest. The acetone-insoluble frac- 

 tion had no destructive effect on sheep blood corpuscles. A quantity of 

 Moniezia powder freed from the ether-soluble fraction by repeated ex- 

 traction with ether was extracted for 72 hours in 95 per cent alcohol at 

 38° C. The alcohol was separated from the alcohol-insoluble powder 

 by filtration and evaporated. The residue was taken up in physiolog- 

 ical salt solution, in which it was only partly soluble, the insoluble por- 

 tion forming a coarse suspension. This solution had a decidedly acid 

 reaction. Tested on washed sheep red blood corpuscles, it produced 

 no hemolytic effect. 



XIII. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS 



The data presented in the foregoing pages have already been sum- 

 marized in connection with each separate topic. The discussion which 

 follows is for the purpose of correlating, comparing, and differentiating 

 the results obtained with various species of parasitic worms that have 

 been referred to in this paper, and to consider the general bearings that 

 the results have on the nature of parasitic infection. 



Hemotoxins present in parasitic worms contain one or more active 

 principles. Of the latter, hemolysins stand out as of prime importance. 

 Hemagglutinins and anticoagulins may be associated with hemolysins. 



Hemagglutinins have thus far been observed in Diphyllohothrium 

 latum by Tallqvist (1907) and in Ascaris lumhricoides by the present 

 writer. Tallqvist describes the hemagglutinin from D. latum as a water- 

 soluble, alcohol- and ether-insoluble substance, decidedly thermostabile. 

 The hemagglutinin observed by the present writer in extracts of Ascaris 

 lumhricoides is resistant to heat and soluble in lipoid solvents, such as 

 ether and alcohol, as well as in physiological salt solution. It is, there- 

 fore, quite a different substance from the agglutinin of D. latum. Anti- 

 coagulins have been found in species of Strongylus (Weinberg, 1908), in 

 the larvae of Gastrophilus (Weinberg, 1908) , in species of Ascaris (Weil 

 and Boye, Leroy, and the present writer), in Ancylostoma caninum (Loeb 



