32 BIRDS OF THE JAPANESE EMPIKE. 



never been found beyoiul the limits of tlic Japanese Empire. Some 

 of these may possibly be found hereafter on the mainhmd, but when 

 we consider how few of the smaller Japanese Islands have been 

 explored, there can be little doubt that many more peculiar species 

 remain to l)e discovered. Those already known may be classified as 

 follows : — 



Species peculiar to Yezzo : — Bubo hlakistoni .... 1 



Species common to Yezzo and Southern Japan : — 

 Accentor rubldus, Zosterups japonicus, Frlnyllla 

 kawarahiba, Emberiza ciup'is, Embcriza yessoensis, 

 Embcriza personato, Treron sicbohl'i, Scops seini- 

 torqiU'S 8 



Species found iu Southern Jajjun but not in Yezzo : — 

 Lusciniola pri/eri, Gurrnlus japonicus, Gecinus 

 mvokera. Picas nuuiiyei, Curpophaya ianthina, 

 Phasianus versicolor, Phasianus scemmeringi, 

 Phasianus scintilla us 8 



Species peculiar to Tsu-sima : — Picus richardsi ... 1 



Species peculiar to the Seven Islands : — Me?'ula cehe- 



nops 1 



Species peculiar to the Loo-Clioo Islands : — Erithacus 

 namiyei, Erithacus komaduri, Pericrocotus ter/imce, 

 Picus noguchii, Treron perniagna, Carpuphaga 

 jouyi. Scops efegans. Scops pryeri, Cre.v sepiaria . 9 



Species found only in the Loo-Choo and Bonin 



Islands : — Hijpsipetes squamiceps I 



Species peculiar to the Bonin Islands : — Geocichla ter- 

 reslris, Hapalopteron J ami Hare, Cettia diphone, 

 Chaunoproctus ferreirostris, Fringilla kittlitzi, 

 Carpophaga versicolor ^ Nycticora.v crassirostris . 7 



Species peculiar to the Japanese Empire . . 30 



The number of peculiar species here, as elsewhere, is in direct 

 proportion to the number of opportunities presented by the eon- 

 figuration of the land for geographical isolation. Species may 

 change in the course of ages by natural selection and many otiicr 

 causes, Init they can only be multiplied l)y Isolation. It is imj)ossiblc 

 to overestimate the importance of (Jcographical Isolation in studying 

 ti.e Origin of Species. Darwin most justly observes (' liife and 



