MOTACILLIN/E. 115 



coverts of the same shade of yellow. It always has an eye-stripe, 

 white in the male, dull white in the female, and buff in the young. 



Figures : Dresser, Birds of Europe, iii. pi. 129. figs. 1, 2. 



It is not known that any species of Yellow Wagtail (subgenus 

 Budytes) occurs on any of the main islands of Japan ; but examples 

 occur on the Kurile Islands (Seebohm, Ibis, 1884, p. 39) which have 

 dark olive-green heads and buff eye-stripes. There is one in the 

 Pryer collection. They are probably females and immature males 

 of Motacilla flava, which breeds in the Commander Islands, and 

 ranges across Southern Siberia and Central Europe as far as Hol- 

 land, but is only known as an accidental visitor on migration to the 

 British Islands. 



87. ANTHUS MACULATUS. 

 (EASTERN TREE-PIPIT.) 



Anthill maculatus, Hodgson, Gray's Zool. Miscell. 1844, p. 83. 



In the Eastern Tree-Pipit the hind toe is longer than its claw ; 

 the belly is always white, and the tail short (less than 2\ inches). 

 It is greener than the two other Japanese species. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 23. 



The Eastern Tree-Pipit is only a summer visitor to Yezzo ; but in 

 Southern Japan it breeds on the mountains and winters in great 

 numbers in the pine-plantations in the plains (Blakiston and Pryer, 

 Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1882, p. 153), There are ten examples in 

 the Pryer collection from Yokohama ; Mr. Ringer has presented 

 examples to the Norwich Museum from Nagasaki ; and there is an 

 example in the Pryer collection from the central group of the Loo- 

 Choo Islands. 



The breeding-range of the Tree-Pipit extends from the British 

 Islands across Europe and South Siberia to Japan. Eastern ex- 

 amples are more suflfused with green on the upper parts, and the 

 spots on the mantle are so much more obscure that typical examples 

 cannot be confounded together except in abraded plumage. Some 

 examples from the valley of the Yenesay and from the Himalayas 

 are, however, slightly intermediate; and it is possible that the two 

 races may ultimately be regarded as only subspecifically distinct. 



The Eastern Tree-Pipit is found on Fuji-yama as high up as the 

 snow-line. The nest is placed on the ground, and is built of moss 

 and coarse grass, lined with fine grass and rootlets (Jouy, Proc. 



i2 



