120 PASSERES. 



FRTNGILLINiE. 



Sexes g^cncrally different; first primary obsolete; bill thick, 

 conical, and unnotched ; tertials reaching beyond the middle of the 

 Ming. 



The Fringillin?e number about 500 species, of which 32 have been 

 recorded from the Japanese Empire. This subfamily is almost 

 cosmopolitan, but in the Australian Region it is only known from 

 the Sandwich Islands. 



92. COCCOTHRAUSTES VULGARIS. 

 (COMMON HAWFINCH.) 



Coccothraustes vnlffaris, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 12 (1826). 



The Hawfinch can always be recognized by its very thick bill and 

 the curious shape of some of its innermost primaries, which are 

 notched at the end of the inner webs and expanded at the end of the 

 outer webs. 



Figures : Tcmminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 51. 



The Common Hawfinch is a resident in Japan. I have an example 

 collected by Mr. Henson near Hakodadi in February, and there arc 

 two exami)les in the Swinhoe collection obtained by Captain Blakiston 

 in the same locality (Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. IGO). There arc 

 examples in the Paris Museum obtained near Aomori, in the north 

 of Hondo, by I'Abbd Fauire ; and there are five examples in the 

 Fryer collection from the neighbourhood of Yokohama, where it is 

 probably only a winter visitor, as it is said to appear in Central 

 Hondo in considerable numbers in autumn about every third year 

 (Jouy, Proc. United States Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 295) ; Mr. Ringer 

 has obtained it at Nagasaki, whence he has sent cxamjdcs to the 

 Norwich Museum. 



The breeding-range of the Common Hawfinch extends from the 

 Rritish Islands acro.ss Europe and Southern Siberia to Japan, 



F^astcm examples liave been described as distinct, under the name 

 of Cuccothravstcs japoniots (Bonajjarte, Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 506), 

 under the impression that the ends of the wing-coverts were paler in 



