SCANSORES. 147 



Distance between nasal grooves ( Dryocopus. 

 at nostrils one third the width \ 

 ofbiU. ( 



Reversed toe shortest I Thnponax. 



Second primary at least 10 % I Gecinus . . \ ^"^o^e of mandible halfway be- 

 longer than longest tail-feather, j .. ' tween nostrils and tip of bill. 



Reversed toe longest. Distance {lyngipicus. 1 ^.^^^ ^^.j^^^^y less than one third 

 between nasal grooves at nos- J p.^^ f ^f second, 



trils more than one half the ] 

 width of bill [Sapheopipo. 



The only clue we possess to enable us to form an opinion of the 

 relative value of these characters is their constancy at different ages. 

 The characters at the left appear to be as much developed in the 

 young as in the adult^ whilst those on the right vary considerably 

 with age. It would be very easy still further to multiply the sub- 

 genera, by the use of equally important characters ; but the interests 

 of science will probably be best served by restricting the genera in 

 the following manner : — 



Gecinus. (Second primary at least 10 % 



T,; +„„„„ v„j.„ 1 i. r T • • I longer than longest tail-feather. 



Distance between nasal groove at f lyngipicus. J " ^ 



nostrils at least one third the I 



widtli of bill. Angle of man- -i 



dible about halfway between I 



eye and tip of bill |^ Picus. 



129. GECINUS AWOKERA. 

 (JAPANESE GREEN WOODPECKER.) 



Picus awokera, Temminck, Planches Coloriees, no. 585 (1836). 



The Japanese Green Woodpecker may be easily distinguished 

 from the Grey-headed Green Woodpecker by the red patch on the 

 black malar stripe, which is also found in the male of G. viridis. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 36 

 (male and female). 



The Japanese Green Woodpecker is peculiar to Japan. It is not 

 found in Yezzo, where its place is taken by the Grey-headed Green 

 Woodpecker, but it is a resident in all the southern islands. There 

 arc examples in the Paris Museum procured in the north of Hondo 



