294 GAvii'. 



Figures: Cioulil, lairds of Groat Britain, v. pi. GO; Dresser, Birds 

 of Europe, viii. pi. (iOO. 



Tlie (Jonuuou (Jul! i)ro1)al)ly breeds on tlic Kurilc Islands and on 

 tlie coasts of Vczzo, wlienec many examples have been procured by 

 Mr. Snow, Mr. Hcnson, and Captain Blakistou. The first identified 

 example recorded froni Jajian was shot at Ilakodadi on the 13th of 

 XovcniI)er, lH(;i (Wliitely, Ibis, ISO?, p. 210). There arc several 

 examples in the Pryer collection from Yokohama, but most of tlieni 

 are in immature i)huna<jje. 



Lants cd/ifortiicus has been recorded from Japan (Saunders, Proc. 

 Zooh Soc. 1878, p. 175), and aho Larus delawarensis (Saunders, Proc. 

 Zool. Soe. 1878, p. 177). Mr. Saunders informs me certainly tliat 

 the former ami probably the latter were wrongly identified, and must 

 be referred to Larus canus. 



The range of the Common Gull, like that of the Black-headed Gull, 

 ^'xtends I'rom the British Islands across Sil)eria to Japan, but it is au 

 Arctic not a Temperate species, and rarely breeds where the meun 

 temperature for the month of July is above 60°. 



292. LARUS TRIDACTYLUS. 



(KITTIWAKE.) 

 Larus tridactyhis, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 224 (1700). 



The Kittiwakc is one of the smaller Gulls (wing from carpal joint 

 13 to 11 inches). Its legs and feet are nearly black, and the hind 

 toe is absent or very small. The colour of its mantle is like that of 

 the Common Gull, The wing l)eyond the tip of the sixth ])rimary is 

 black, with small white tips to the fourth and fifth jjrimarics ; the 

 rest of the wing is pearl-grey, with a black outer web to the first 

 primary. 



Figures: Gould, Birds of Great Biitain, v. pi. Gl ; Dresser, Birds 

 of FuroiJC, viii. pi. (108. 



The Kittiwakc breeds on the Kurilc Islands, whence it was ])ro- 

 bably (obtained by Steller (Pallas, /oogr. Kosso-Asiat. ii. p. 321), 

 and whence there is an exami)l(' in tlic Pryer collection obtained by 

 Mr. Snow in .lune on the island of Kaslnia. In tlie Ilakodadi 

 Museum there are cxamj)les obtained at Nemoro, the eastern extremity 

 of Yczzo (Blakiston and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1882, p. 105). 



The Kittiwakc is a circumpolar species, and bn-eds on the coasts 

 of the British Islands. 



