318 GRALLiB. 



Suborder XXVIII. GBALLM 



Maxillo-palatines not coalesced vitli cacli other across tlie middle 

 line, nor with the vomer ; nasals schizorhinal ; dorsal vcrtcbric hctcro- 

 coclous ; voung born not only covered with down, but able to run in 

 a fcM' hours. 



The Grallaj may be regarded as almost cosmopolitan, but of the 

 six families which it contains, only two arc represented in the Japanese 

 Emjjire. 



The Turnicidai are a small family (about 25 species), confined to 

 the tropical and subtropical parts of the Old AVorld, one species 

 extending its range in the west into Southern Europe, and another 

 in the east reaching the Loo-Choo Islands. The Pteroclidae are a 

 still smaller family (about IG species) with a similar range in the 

 west, but in the east not extending beyond the Bay of Bengal, and 

 consequently not reaching Japan. The Rhinochetidaj only comprises 

 one species confined to New Caledonia ; the IMesitidie one species 

 confined to Madagascar; and the Eurypygida; two species confined to 

 tropical America. The Gruidse are a small family (about IG species) 

 of which no less than five visit Japan ; two irdiabit North America, 

 one Australia, and the rest arc either Palaearctic, Oriental, or 

 Ethiopian, 



353. GRUS CINEREA. 



(COMMON CKANE.) 

 Cirus cinerea, Bcchstein, Nnturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 103 (1800). 



The Common Crane is a grey bird, with the nape, crown, forehead, 

 lores, ear-coverts, chin, and throat black. No other Japanese Crane 

 lias a black nape. 



Figures: Temminck and Sehlegel, Fauna Japonica, Avcs, pi. 72. 



The Common Crane is a winter visitor to Japan. It has not been 

 recorded from \'vy.vj), and tlic only authority tliat I know of for its 



