ruLicARi^. 357 



Pallas^s Crake is a regular summer visitor to South-east Siberia^ and 

 appears to be a resident in India, Burma, China, and Japan. In 

 winter it visits the Philippines, Borneo, and the Andaman Islands. 



In fully adult birds the sexes are alike. In Baillon's Crake the 

 sides of the head are slate-grey ; in Pallas's Crake this slate-grey is 

 interrupted by a broad brown band, which begins at the base of the 

 bill, passes over the lores, and is continued behind the eye to the 

 nape. 



361. CREX FUSCA. 

 (RUDDY CRAKE.) 



Rallusfuscus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. i. p. 262 (1766). 



The Ruddy Crake is a small bird (wing from carpal joint 4j to 3^ 

 inches). It is olive-brown above, with a vinous-chestnut breast. 

 There is no white on any of the quills, except occasionally a spot or 

 two on the outer web of the first pi-imary. 



Figures : Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves, pi. 78. 



The Ruddy Crake is found in all the Japanese Islands^ and is pro- 

 bably a summer visitor to Yezzo and a resident in Southern Japan. 

 There is an example in the Swinhoe collection from Hakodadi 

 (Swinhoe, Ibis, 1874, p. 163), whence examples were obtained by 

 the Perry Expedition twenty years previously (Cassin, Exp. Am. 

 Squad. China Seas and Japan, ii. p. 229). There are three ex- 

 amples in the Pryer collection from Yokohama ; and Mr. Ringer has 

 sent examples to the Norwich Museum obtained at Nagasaki (Blakis- 

 ton and Pryer, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, 1882, p. 123). Japanese 

 examples belong to the Siberian race of this species, and have been 

 described as distinct from the Indian species under the name of 

 Gallinula erythroihorax (Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 

 Aves, p. 121), but they appear to be only entitled to subspecific 

 distinction as Crex fusca erythroihorax. 



The Siberian furrn of the Ruddy Crake breeds in the valley of 

 the Lower Amoor and m China. It is not known to diflFer in any 

 way except in size from the typical form, whose range extends from 

 the Philippine Islands and the Malay Archipelago to the Malay 

 peninsula, Burma, India, and Ceylon. Japanese examples vary in 

 length of wing from 4*4 to 4'6 inches ; Chinese examples from 4*1 to 



