TURTUKINiE. 483 



dusky-asli; winglet, primaries and their coverts, and tlie secondaries, 

 blackisli ; tail, with the middle feathers ash-brown ; the rest blackish 

 at the base, and broadly tipped with white, successively more 

 broadly from the centre, and spreading up the whole exterior 

 web of the outermost feather ; beneath, the chin whitish, rest of 

 the lower parts pale vinous red ; vent and lower tail-coverts 

 white, tinged Avith ashy ; wing beneath light ashy. 



Bill black ; irides dark brown ; legs purplish red. Length 9^ 

 inches ; wing 5^ ; tail S^. 



The female is a trifle smaller, and of a dull earthy brown, paler 

 below. 



The Ked Turtle-dove is found throughout all India, from Ceylon 

 up to the foot of the Himalayas, and the Punjab, avoiding the 

 Malabar forests, and, generally, the jungly and hilly countries, and 

 not very common, as Blytli tells us, in Lower Bengal, but extending 

 into Assam, Arrakan, and Northern Burmah, where I obtained it 

 near Thayetmyo. It also extends to the Philippine Islands. It 

 affects large groves of trees near cultivation, often feeding under the 

 shade of trees, but also betaking itself to fields, grass downs, and 

 bare spots near rivers or tanks. Its coo is short, deep, and grunt- 

 like. Blyth states that he has bred them in confinement in an 

 aviary, and that cages full of newly caught birds are often to be 

 seen in the Calcutta bird-shops. 



Several Doves of slightly differing type occur in Africa, which 

 are distributed in four genera, one of them, Q^na Capensis, having a 

 long and graduated tail. Gray includes among the Turtles, Geopelia, 

 placed by Bonaparte and Blyth in PJuipiiice, but the latter Naturalist 

 states that they are barely separable from the lurturince* 



Fam. GouRiDiE, Ground-doves. 



Wings moderate ; tarsus somewhat lengthened, as are all the toes. 



In this family, the Avings are occasionally shorter and less pointed 

 than in any of the previous groups, and the feet are lengthened, 

 and better suited for their ground habits. They comprise several 

 distinct groups. 1st. Phapinw, or Ground-doves of Australia and 

 Malayana ; 2nd. Zenaidince, American Ground-doves ; ord. 

 Calcenince, or Nicobar Ground-pigeons ; 4th. Gourince, or Crowned- 



