486 BIRDS OF INDIA. 



there is a very beautiful species, C. stephani, from Celebes and 

 New Guinea. 



The typical Fhapeoe are peculiar to Australia and Oceanica. 

 Many of these live much on the ground, in rocky, barren, and 

 sandy places, where they live like Partridges, often seeking safety, 

 not by flight, but by running with exceeding rapidity in opposite 

 directions, and then crouching down. The wings of some are 

 shorter and more rounded than is usual among Pigeons ; they 

 make a loud whirring sound with them when flying, and their 

 flight is said to be like that of a Partridge. Many nidificate 

 on the bare ground, or on the trunk of a tree, but none lay more 

 than two eggs. Many of them are very beautifully colored, and 

 some are highly crested. They thus make a distinct approach to 

 the true Gallinaceous birds. 



The Geojyeliece, already alluded to, vary somewhat among 

 themselves, and some of them, I think (those with only twelve 

 tail-feathers), might be referred to the true Turiurince ; whilst 

 Ocyphaps and others should be placed with the true Phapece. 



Geopelia extends from Australia to the Malayan Peninsula, 

 one species, G. striata, L., being found in Java and Malacca, 

 and it is often brought for sale to Calcutta. 



The Zenaidince, Bonaparte, are entirely an American group 

 of Ground-doves, which have somewhat short wings, strong, 

 lengthened, and well separated toes, and also show some analogies 

 with the Gallinaceoo. Many of them run well, live in coveys, and 

 fly, it is stated, like Partridges, with a whistling sound of their 

 wings. They breed either on the ground, or on Ioav trees. A 

 few are crested as in the Phapince. 



The sub-fam. Cal^nin^, placed as a separate family by 

 Bonaparte, are founded on Caloenas nicobariciis, the Hackled 

 Ground-pigeon, a very beautiful bird, with long hackled metallic 

 green plumage, and a short white tail, from the Andaman, 

 Nicobars, Mergui Archipelago, and Malayana generally. It 

 has a stout gallinaceous body, strong bill, with a tubercle at the 

 base, and stout legs and feet ; but is said to breed on trees, 

 though it feeds habitually on the ground on fallen fruits and 

 berries. 



