G48 BIRDS OF INDIA, 



in some becomes developed at the breeding season into a short 

 horny spur ; tail even ; wings long ; a very small hind toe and 

 rudimentary claw. 



The Indian species has been separated by Reichenbach under 

 the name of Sarcogramma. 



855. Lobivanellus goensis, Gmelin. 



Parra, apud Gmelin — Gould, Cent. Him. Birds pi. 78 — Blyth, 

 Cat. 1554 — Sykes, Cat. '207 — Jerdon, Cat. 365 — Ch. atrogularis, 

 Wagler — Titai, Titi, Tituri, Titiri in different parts of India — 

 Yennapa chitawa, Tel. — Al-kati, Tam., i. e., the Man-pointer. 



The Eed-wattled Lapwing. 



Descr. — Head, back of neck, face^ chin, throat, and breast, 

 glossy-black ; ear-coverts white continued in a stripe down the sides 

 of the neck and round to the nape ; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, 

 and tertiaries, pale brownish green, the wing-coverts glossed with 

 purple ; a white band on the wing formed by the greater coverts 

 and partly by the secondaries; primaries and most of the secondaries 

 black ; winglet black ; tail white with a black band near the tip, 

 the central feathers tipped brown ; beneath from the breast white. 



Bill red at the base, tip black ; eyelid and wattle lake red ; 

 irides red brown ; legs bright yellow. Length nearly 13 inches ; 

 extent 30; wing 9^ ; tail 1^ ; bill at front 1§ ; tarsus 3. 



This Lapwing is one of the best known birds of India occur- 

 ring everywhere, from Ceylon up to Cashmere. It is replaced 

 in Burmah by a closely allied race, JL. atroiiuchalis, Blyth, in 

 which the white ear patch does not extend round the nape. 

 It is generally found not far from water, though now and 

 then at some considerable distance : it is occasionally seen in the 

 cold season in scattered flocks, but generally in pairs, or 

 single. It feeds on various insects, shells, and worms. It 

 breeds from April to July, laying four large eggs of a rich 

 olive yellow colour with blotches of brown and grey. Its wiles 

 to allure a dog or man away from its eggs or young are quite 

 similar to those recorded of the English Pee-wit, but its cries are 

 still more vociferous. It is a noisy bird at all times, and its 



