310 sYiA'JiD.t:. 



in lat. 68° N. Magnus von Wright sayn the same of its 

 sojourn in Finland as is said of it in Sweden, but its range 

 is prol)aljly less extended, as it is not included by Dr. Malm- 

 gren among the birds of the Kajana district. It occurs in 

 Russia, but seems to be less abundant there than in the rest 

 of Europe, and is not known to the eastward of the Ural 

 Mountains* or the Caspian Sea; but Menetries found it, 

 though not common, in the Caucasus. De Filippi met with 

 it in Persia. Mr. Keith Abbott sent skins of it from Trebi- 

 zond ; but, though it doubtless occurs in the west of Asia 

 Minor, Strickland did not observe it at Smyrna. Messrs. 

 Elwes and Buckley report it as common in Turkey. In 

 Palestine Canon Tristram found it everywhere in winter, but 

 none remained after February. In Lower Egypt, according 

 to Dr. von Heuglin, it appears pretty regularly in winter, 

 staying till March. Loche states that it occurs in all three 

 of the Algerian provinces, but it is there probably as a 

 winter-visitant only, and Canon Tristram observed it abun- 

 dantly at that season in the oases of the Great Sahara. Mr. 

 Frederick Godman has met with it in the Canaries, Madeira 

 and the eastern and central groups of the Azores, and it 

 is especially worthy of remark that examples from the 

 islands last named agree with those from Algeria and 

 Southern Europe, being paler in colour than British or 

 North-European specimens, while those from the Canaries 

 and Madeira are identical with the darker northern form. 

 Throughout the remaining countries of Continental Europe 

 it is more or less common, and in nearly all its migratory 

 habits are well known ; even in North Germany very few 

 pass the winter — chiefly, according to Dr. Borggreve, in 

 Westphalia and the PJiineland. 



During the southward migration of the Eedbreast it is 

 caught in very large numbers for the table, and in autumn 

 the bird-markets of most towns in Southern France and 

 Italy are generally well supplied with this species, which, 

 among many others, passes indifferently under the name of 



• Just as Acreiiior ruhldiM represents our Hedge-Sparrovv in Japan, so a 

 beautiful little bird, Erithacus akahiije, there takes tlie place of our lietlbreast. 



