492 Agricultural Journal of Victoria. 



Pleura. — In croupous })neuinonia, pleurisy is generally a concomi- 

 tant. In early stages, the surface of the pleura is red, roughened,, 

 and covered with lymph, and later a turbid fluid mixed with flakes of 

 coagulated lymph is effused. Adhesions may form between the 

 pleura lining, the chest wall, and that covering the lung. 



Pericardium. — Pericarditis, or inflammation of the pericardium 

 or bag containing the heart, is sometimes seen. In the early stages, 

 the lining membrane of the pericardium is of a I'ed colour, it is rough 

 and usually covered with a thin layer of lymph. Later the bag is dis- 

 tended with a turbid fluid having flakes of lymph floating in it, whilst 

 its surface is thickly coated with lymph. Usually tlie inflanimation 

 affects not only the lining of the bag but also the covering of the 

 heart itself. The covering on the surface of the heart forms the 

 epicardium. 



Heart. — Under the epicardium there may be luemorrhagic spots^ 

 The cavities of the organ are full of clotted blood, and its substance 

 may be opaque and soft. 



Digestive Tract. — There may be inflammation of the mucous 

 membrane of the digestive tract, with ulcers at various seats of it. 



8to7nach. — The stomach may be intensely inflamed. The lining of 

 the organ may present a diffuse red colour, or red spots may be 

 scattered all over it. Petechia?, and perhaps larger extravasations 

 may be seen over the fundus, and even ulcerations may be noticed. 



8'mall Tnte.stine. — The small intestine may present a reddish 

 appearance. The internal surface may be studded with numerous 

 dark red spots. The Peyers patches and solitary follicles of the ileum 

 may be enlarged. Ulcers may be present and may involve the whole 

 thickness of bowel as far as the peritoneal coat. The edges of the 

 ulcers are raised above the surrounding membrane. 



Large Intestine, decum. — The serous membrane of the large intes- 

 tine may have an appearance as if sprinkled with fresh blood. The 

 mucous membrane of the large intestine and ca^'cum is velvety and 

 swollen, and the ileo-ctecal valve is swollen and may be perhaps the 

 seat of extensive ulceration. Ulcers of varying size, particularly in 

 the situation of the lymphoid tissue, are prominent lesions. They may 

 be I of an inch in diameter, circular in form, having raised borders, 

 and may lie near together or far apart. Perforation of the bowel 

 of the pig is rare if, indeed, it ever occurs. The ulcers may be visible 

 from the serous coat. A diphtheritic deposit of a dirty white or 

 greyish yellow color may cover the mucous membrane, and on 

 removing this the ulcers and inflammatory patches are laid bare. 



Lymphatic Glands. — The lymphatic glands (mesenteric, sublumbar,. 

 inguinal, bronchial, mediastinal, gastric, hepatic) are swollen, con- 

 gested, and often boggy with a whitish fluid, and on section present 

 a reddish or greyish-red striated appearance. 



Liver. — The liver is slightly swollen and liypertBmic, and its edges 

 rounded. The surface of a cut section is opaque, and it is softer than 



