Tuberculosis in Ih- Relation to the Dairying Industry. 755 



the proper heat. This material he named Tuberculol, and it was 

 thought by some scientists who had conducted a series of experi- 

 ments that this product would serve a twofold purpose, as being not 

 only of service for the treatment of animals affected with tuberculosis 

 but also as an anti-tuberculosis serum, which would confer immunity 

 from the disease. Whether this will pass beyond the stage of 

 laboratory experiment I am not informed, but should it do so it 

 would prove of untold value to man and beast alike. 



Symptoms. 



The diagnosis of the disease in its early stages is with the excep- 

 tion of very few cases exceedingly rare, as the progress made by the 

 disease although very slow is yet certain. It may occur in any organ 

 of the body, and in the lungs it shows itself by a weak dull cough in 

 the early stages occui-ring in short jerks. As the disease progresses 

 this becomes more distressing, discharge from the nostrils and expec- 

 toration being very rare, but most severe in the morning or after 

 unusual exercise, when through dilatation of the bronchiaj or breaking 

 through of the cavities of the lungs there is a discharge accompanied 

 by coughing, and the expired air has a bad smell. As the disease 

 progresses the hair loses its gloss and the skin feels hard to the touch, 

 and later on the animal becomes hidebound although it may be years 

 before the animal becomes so emaciated. It is to be observed 

 that even in its advanced stages, it has been found im- 

 possible to diagnose the disease in many cases. This fact I have 

 found from actual experience, and reference to many high authorities 

 substantiates my statements. Friedbei'ger asserts it is because tuber- 

 culosis does not possess characteristic symptoms. But when the 

 symptoms I have given are exhibited with or without the enlargement 

 of the external lymph gland the animal must be viewed with suspicion, 

 the more so if a female. Tubercular animals very frequently abort, 

 more so when the serous membranes are involved or they may be 

 sterile, yet oestrum seems constant, but it is when the udder becomes 

 affected to a great extent that the matter will be brought more 

 definitely under your observation. Coming on slowly and gradually in 

 the udder it continues, beginning most frequently in the upper portions 

 of one quarter which extends gradually in size, and upon pressure 

 of which the animals feels no pain and the affected quarter shows no 

 heat or redness. This is most particularly to be noted when an 

 udder becomes swollen and painful within the course of a day or two, 

 and which upon pressure is found hot and the animal shrinks upon 

 being touched there, but this must not be confounded with tuber- 

 culosis even though eventually it becomes shrunken and blind, as this 

 may be unhesitatingly pronounced non-tubercular. The tendency of 

 the tubercular udder is to increase in size, and the supra-mammary 

 glands will as the disease progresses be found upon feeling them hard 

 and nodular to the touch. The milk in the early stages may not be 

 deficient either in quantity or quality although the bacillus be present, 

 but later on, as its invasion becomes more pronounced, the quality 



