766 Agricttltural Journal of Victoria. 



far as the black spot was concerned^ but tliere was a development of 

 bitter pit, and from the Stone Pippin, rather a small tree, six cases 

 of absolutely clean fruit were obtained. 



The unsprayed Stone Pippin had shed most of its fruit and none 

 of it was of any value owing to black spot. 



But perhaps the most instructive display was at Mr. Year's 

 orchard, Bur wood. 



The Scarlet Nonpareil shown was literally loaded with fruit, and 

 the 27 cases obtained from it were all marketable. After careful 

 examination in February only a single spotted apple was found on it 

 at the end of a branch, and when the fruit was gathered Mr. Year 

 wrote : " I saw one little bunch of apples with signs of spot, 

 otherwise every fruit was pei'fectly clean." 



A tree of American Red Streak yielded 16 cases, although a 

 number fell off prior to picking, and no sign of spot could be 

 detected upon them. 



This orchard was all under-drained, and that would partly 

 account for the luxuriant growth, but it did not account for the 

 commercially clean fruit on the sprayed trees, and trees alongside of 

 the same variety unsprayed, badly affected with both the early and 

 late spot. The trees were from 26 to 27 years old, and, although 

 the spraying was generally done twice, there was abundant evidence 

 to show that a single thorough spraying prevented the late develop- 

 ment of the spot. None of the trees were sprayed after the fruit 

 had set, but the first spraying was done when the first blossoms had 

 appeared and some very nearly in full bloom, and the second within 

 a week afterwards. The ordinary Bordeaux mixture was itsed with 

 the addition of salt. 



The Bosc pear was also thoroughly sprayed and the fruit quite 

 clean, but it was instructive to note that one tree somewhat isolated 

 fi'om the others, and not so thoroughly treated, showed the late spot. 



At Mr. Nicholson's orchard, in the same district, the good effects 

 of spraying were seen and here the ordinary 6'4"50 formula of 

 Bordeaux mixture was alone used, and applied about 20th September. 

 From one average tree 180 lbs. of sound fruit were obtained, and 6 

 lbs. were affected with the black spot. Thus in this variety, which 

 is particularly subject to spot, only about 3 per cent, was affected^ 

 even although only one spraying was given. 



Summary. 



The experience of orchardists and the experiments recorded give 

 a final answer to the question as to the efficacy of spraying, and show 

 that 100 per cent, of marketable fruit can be secured by this means, 

 even in a season veiy favorable to disease. 



The Bordeaux mixture alone may be used, and from the results 

 obtained the 6'4'40 formula is to be preferred. The addition of salt, 

 sal ammoniac, or sulphate of ammonia is believed to give greater 



