MONGOL RACES 431 



The Samoyedes, Yuraks, and Ostiaks, in Uleman's 

 -opinion, are three distinct races, having more or less 

 distinct languages, and each occupying an intermediate 

 position between the European and the true Mongol. The 

 similarity between their numerals leads me, however, to 

 the conclusion that they are very closely allied, and that 

 their languages are merely dialects of a common tongue. 



The true Mongol races are much darker in colour, 

 their eyes are more oblique, and less capable of being 

 opened wide, they have flatter noses and higher cheek- 

 bones. Several Mongol races speak dialects of the same 

 lanofuaoe — for instance, the Tatars of Perm and Kazan, 

 the Dolgans, and the Yakuts are all closely allied, and 

 ■can understand each other without much difficulty, and 

 are all near relations of the Turks. 



Early on the morning of the 25th the rough sea and 

 the contrary winds made it impossible for us to proceed, 

 so we cast anchor in lat. 71°. Late in the evening the 

 river was calm enough to make it safe to land, and I went 

 on shore for a couple of hours. On a small island in one 

 of the numerous lakes gulls were evidently breeding ; and 

 long-tailed ducks and divers were common. The wheat- 

 ear was very abundant on the clay cliffs, and I saw many 

 Little buntings, bluethroats, shore-larks, Lapland buntings, 

 and red-throated pipits. I shot a dotterel, and found one 

 of its young in down. I also found two thrushes' nests, 

 built on a small ledge of the nearly perpendicular mud or 

 clay cliff, where the ground had slipped. One contained 

 eg'^s and the other young birds. I was not able to secure 

 the old birds of either nest. They were too wild and shy 

 to come within gunshot. The nest and eorgs were like 

 those of the redwing, to which species they doubtless 

 belonsfed. 



From Uleman I got the following Dolgan names for 



