2 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



about 8,000 specimens of birds collected for the Bureau of Science, a few 

 skins received in exchange from the Menage Collection, nearly 200 skins 

 received from the United States National Museum, part in exchange and 

 part as a loan, and a few small lots of skins from various sources. There 

 are, however, some 150 species inhabiting the Philippines of which not 

 a single specimen has been examined. Of some other species the available 

 material is quite inadequate for complete descriptions ; this is particularly 

 true of the shore and water birds, most of which visit the Philippine 

 Islands as migrants and can not be obtained here in breeding plumage. 



To meet these deficiencies a large number of descriptions have been 

 taken from previous works, notably the Catalogue of Birds in the British 

 Museum, Oates's Birds of British Burmah, and the four volumes on birds 

 in the - Fauna of British India, while a few have been taken from 

 periodicals. All copied descriptions and parts of descriptions are inclosed 

 in quotation marks followed by the authors' names; the exact reference 

 in each case will be found in the synonymy of the species described. 



The quotations ending with "Bourns and Worcester MS." are taken 

 from a manuscript prepared by Messrs. Frank S. Bourns and Dean C. 

 Worcester and based upon the ornithological specimens collected by the 

 Menage Expedition. This manuscript was intended for publication by 

 the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, but as that institution was 

 unable to meet the necessary expense, the right to use the manuscript 

 reverted to the authors who have permitted the publication of their notes 

 in this Manual. ^ 



The scientific name, an English name, and such native names as seem 

 to be commonly used with some degree of accuracy are given for each 

 species. 



The synonymy consists of references to original descriptions and to all 

 works from which quotations are made ; also to the following works when 

 the species is given in them : Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum, 

 Sharpe's Hand-List of the Genera and Species of Birds, Gates and Reid's 

 Catalogue of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum, and McGregor and 

 Worcester's Hand-List of Philippine Birds; other references are to plates 

 or figures, records of rare species, important descriptions, notes on habits, 

 or critical remarks.* 



The distribution of each species is given by islands, arranged alphabet- 

 ically, with tlie names of collectors so far as these have been worked out 

 from the available literature. Distribution outside of the Philippine 

 Islands is given in a general way only. 



To the descriptions and measurements of the birds are added notes 



* Very full references to literature may be found in Catalogue of the Birds 

 in the British Museum and in Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the 

 British Museum (Natural History). 



