A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Bv Richard C. McGregor. 



Class AVES. 



Oviparous, warm-blooded, amniotic vertebrates which liave their an- 

 terior extremities transformed into wings. Metacarpus and fingers carry- 

 ing feathers or quills. With an intertarsal joint. Not more than four 

 toes of which the first is the hallux. (Gadoiv.) 



Subclass CAEIXAT^. 



Sternum with a keel; scapulae and coracoids fused forming an acute 

 or a right angle; foramen ischiadicum present; distal six or seven verte- 

 brae fused to form the pygostyle. 



Orders. 



a^. Hind toe connected by a web to the inner toe Pelecaniformes (p.200) 



a". Hind toe not connected by a web to the inner toe. 

 6\ Nostrils tubular. 



c*. Bill strong and decidedly hooked at the tip Procellariformes (p. 84) 



c^. Bill weak, very small, gape very wide.. Caprimulgi in Coraciif ormes ( p. 295 ) 

 i'. Nostrils not tubular. 



c^ Cutting edges of bill more or less distinctly fringed or serrated, tip of 



bill rounded Anseriformes(p. 184) 



cr. Cutting edges of bill not fringed. 



d}. Rectrices rudimentary; or if evident not prominent, being short, soft, 

 and hidden by the upper coverts. 



e^. Tarsus flat; toes lobed _ Colymbiformes (p. 82) 



e". Tarsus normal ; toes not lobed. 



f. Hind toe wanting Hemipodii (p. 17) 



/-. Hind toe present. 



Excalfactoria and Megapodius in Galliformes (p. 9) 

 d". Rectrices not rudimentary; if short not liicldcii by upper coverts, 

 e'. Anterior toes distinctly webbed and tarsus shorter than tail. 



Larif ormes (p. 85) 



e". Anterior toes not distinctly webbed ; or, if webbed, tarsus decidedly 



longer than tail; or else bill extremely small with gape very broad 



and deeply cleft. 



f. Lower portion of thighs naked; or, if feathered, the bill lengthened 



and grooved along each side, the outer and middle toes separated 



for their entire length. 



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