56 MANUAL OF PHILirPIXE BIRDS. 



Genus CEXOPOPELIA Blant'ord, 1898. 



Tail short and square, its feathers subequal ; first primary nearly or 

 quite as long as the second. 



47. CENOPOPELIA HUMILIS (Teniniinck |. 



RED TURTLE DOVE. 



Columbo huMtlis TEM.MI^"CK, PI. Col. (1824), 259. 

 Turtur humilis Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893). 21, 434. 

 OnopopeUa humilis Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 79. 



Onopopelia htitnulis McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 14 

 ( error ) . 



Bii-to ba-to de cohhir, ^lanila. 



Calayan (McGregor) ; Lubang {McGregor); Luzon {Cuming, MoUendorff, 

 Meyer, Bteere Exp., Bourns d- Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Mindoro {Hteere 

 Exp., Bourns d- Worcester). China. Japan. Indo-Chinese countries, eastern Ben- 

 gal, Andamans. 



Adult male. — Back, wings, and under parts nearly uuit'orni viuaceous- 

 red ; upper parts darker, more reddish brown; head and sides of face 

 light slate-gray sharply separated from color of back by a narrow, black, 

 nuchal band; lower back, mmp, and upper tail-coverts blackish slate; 

 chin white or nearly so ; vent and under tail-coverts white ; alula, primary- 

 coverts, primaries, and secondaries blackish Ijrown : rectrices black below ; 

 three outer pairs with the terminal third white; three inner pairs with 

 terminal third pearl-gray; outermost pair with outer web all white; 

 middle pair brown above. Iris dark ; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, 

 215 to 240. Three males average: Wing, 138; tail, 90; exposed culmen, 

 14; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 25. 



Adult female. — Color pattern as in the nuile but the vinaceous-red 

 replaced by earthy brown ; under parts paler with a faint vinaceous 

 wash; head brown like the back. Three females average: Wing, 128; 

 tail, 77; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 24. 



Young. — The young male is like the adult female but lacks the nuchal 

 band and under parts have no vinaceous wash ; wing-coverts and feathers 

 of breast tipped with yellowish brown. 



The eastern ruddy dove is one of the common doves in Luzon ; it is 

 very abundant in open lowland country where it feeds ui)on the ground. 

 Like the barred and Dussumier's doves this species is common in the 

 vicinity of Manila ; many are sold in the markets throughout the year. 

 In the other islands it is very scarce. 



Genus SPILOPELL\ Siindevall, 1873. 



Tail graduated; its outermost feather 4<> uini. shorter than tiie central 

 pair; a wide hand of feathers on neck witli Itifurcated tips. 



