148 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



"Adult female. — Above ashy brown, strongly glossed with olive-green, 

 freckled all over with transverse lines of dusky blackish, with here and 

 there broader bars of greenish black ; some of the scapular feathers edged 

 with bright ocherons forming a streak down each side of the back; long 

 inner coverts pure white, forming another streak, generally concealed 

 by the scapulars; wing-coverts distinctly glossed with olive-green and 

 finely barred with dusky; alula, primary-coverts, and quills pearly gray, 

 freckled with irregular wavy lines of black, and ocellated ovate spots 

 of rich ocherous on outer web, and with bars of the same color on inner 

 web ; all the quills marked with black at base of outer web, more distinctly 

 seen in the primaries than the secondaries ; lower back, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and tail pearly gray, with black cross-lines, rump with a few 

 white spots, upper tail-coverts spotted with rich ocherous, tail-feathers 

 barred with ocherous; crown dusky, slightly glossed with olive-green, a 

 band of ocherous down the center, bordered on each side by a shade of 

 black; round eye a cincture of isabelline whitish, reaching to a point 

 above ear-coverts, and surrounded by a blackish shade above and below, 

 more broadly in front; lores, sides of face, and throat, deep chestnut, 

 extending backwards round hind neck; across fore neck a broad collar 

 of greenish black; remainder of under surface white, extending upwards 

 on either side of the black prae-pectoral band ; on each side of upper part 

 of breast a black patch Avith a slight greenish gloss, succeeded by some 

 brown feathers waved with dusky lines; axillars and under wing-coverts 

 white, outer ones ashy, freckled with dusky cross-lines and small spots 

 of white or buff. 'Bill greenish, yellowish fleshy at the tip of both 

 mandibles; feet pale green; iris dark brown.' {Butler.) Length, 229; 

 culmen, 47; wing, 140; tail, 42; tarsus, 43. 



"Adult male. — Different from the female and rather smaller. Easily 

 distinguished from the female by the absence of chestnut on the throat 

 and neck, and by the different color of the wing-coverts. The latter, 

 instead of being olive-green barred with blackish cross-lines, are bronzy 

 olive, with numerous bar-like spots of yellow-ocher, these spots having 

 a black line above and below; the inner secondaries similarly colored and 

 marked. Although there is a Jine of sandy buff on each side of the 

 back, there are apparently no white parapteral plumes. Instead of the 

 chestnut on the throat, the latter is white with dusky spots on the upper 

 part, the lower throat light brown, mottled with dusky bars and whitish 

 margins to the feathers, the lower border of this dusky patch edged with 

 a band of black. 'Bill purplish brown; feet dull slaty blue; iris dark 

 brown.^ {S. Stafford Allen.) Length, 229; culmen, 49; wing, 127; 

 tail, 41; tarsus, 43. 



"Young male. — Resembles the old male almost exactly, but has the 

 throat entirely white, the lower throat and fore neck washed with brown, 

 with some dusky streaks ; these streaks on the full-sfrown male are some- 



