IXOBRYCHUS. 179 



lower one greenish yellow; feet greenish yellow.' (Butler.) Length, 

 394; culmen, 53; wing, 133; tail, 41; tarsus, 51. 



"Young. — Similar to the old female and streaked in the same manner, 

 but distinguished by having wing-coverts broadly centered with dark 

 brown; crown streaked instead of being uniform; feathers black with 

 yellowish buff margins, and under surface of body much more distinctly 

 streaked, centers of the feathers being dark brown on throat and fore neck ; 

 flank-feathers also streaked with brown." (Sharpe.) 



"Extremely abundant about Lake Naujan, in Mindoro. It comes out 

 on the mud flats to feed, but promptly takes refuge among the reeds if 

 disturbed." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



150. IXOBRYCHUS CI NNAMOMEUS (Gmelin). 

 CINNAMON BITTERN.* 



Ardea cinnamomea Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, pt. 2, 643. 



Ardetta cinnamomea Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 236; 

 Hand-List (1899), 1, 203; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 

 4, 402, fig. 98 (head) ; Gates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 132; Mc- 

 Gregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 35. 



Ba-caii ca-ne-lo, Manila. 



Bohol {McGregor) ; Catanduanes (Whitehead) ; Cebii (Bourns d Worcester) ; 

 Guimaras (Steere Exp.) ; Leyte (Everett) ; Luzon (Everett, Whitehead, Mc- 

 Gregor) ; Marinduque (Steere Exp.) ; Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns 

 d Worcester) ; Mindoro (Steere Exp., Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, 

 Porter); Palawan (Bourns & Worcester) ; Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Wor- 

 cester); Samar (Whitehead); Sibuyan (McGregor); Tablas (Bourns d Worces- 

 ter); Tawi Tawi (Bourns d Worcester); Ticao (McGregor) . China, Eastern 

 Siberia, Indian Peninsula, Indo-Malayan subregion; Celebes in winter. 



"Adult male. — Entirely cinnamon-rufous above, including wings and 

 tail ; sides of face and ear-coverts cinnamon-rufous ; cheeks a little lighter 

 rufous; throat ashy white, with a median streak of tawny-rufous, which 

 extends down throat and fore neck, being streaked with blackish longi- 

 tudinal marks on the outer webs of the feathers; lower throat, fore neck, 

 breast, sides of body, and thighs tawny-rufous; abdomen white; under 

 tail-coverts tawny-buff; on sides of upper breast a patch of dependent 

 feathers, having black centers with tawny-buff or rufous margins; under 



* Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Wash. ( 188.7 ) , 1 0, 289, places this species in 

 his subgenus Nannocnus and gives the following key: 



a^. Tibiae feathered nearly to the heel-joint; longest tail-feathers longer than 



middle toe without claw (Ardetta) A. sinensis 



a^. Tibiae naked at the lower end, longest tail-feathers shorter than middle toe 

 without claw (Nannocnus). 



b^. Quills and tail-feathers blackish A. eurhythma 



6'. Quills and tail-feathers cinnamon-rufous A. cinnamomea 



The characters of Nannocnus seem to be, as stated by Stejneger, of no more 

 than subgeneric value. 



