198 MANUAL OF PHILIPriNE BIRDS. 



tSpecies. 



(iK Back finely vermiculated with Avhite marila (p. 198) 



a\ Back uniform black or blackish brown fuligula (p. 199) 



104. MARILA MARILA (Linnajus). 



SCAUP DUCK. 



Auas marila LiNN.EUS, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, (1761), 39. 



Fuligula marila Salvadori, Cat. Bird.s Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 355; Sharpe, 



Hand-List (1899). 1, 223; Gates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 182; 



McGregor, Phil. Jour. Sci. (1907), 2, sec. A, 295. 



Luzon ( Parsons). Northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America ; winter- 

 ing on the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas and in India, China, Japan, 

 and Central America. 



"Adult male. — Head, neck, upper part of breast and back black; sides 

 of the head and upper neck glossed with green ; rest of back and scapulars 

 white, narrowly barred with Ijlack ; nimp, upper and under tail-coverts 

 black; lower breast, al)domen, and sides white; vent somewhat grayish; 

 sides with black barrings ; upper wing-coverts l)lackish, finely vermiculated 

 with white ; secondaries white, forming the speculum, which is bounded 

 below bv a blackish ])and, in some specimens more or less freckled with 

 white ; tertials blackish with a green gloss, the largest ones more or less 

 finely dusted with whitish ; primaries grayish brown, from the fourth 

 (piill with a whitish area on inner web, tips black; marginal under wing- 

 coverts grayish brown dusted with white, the remainder, as w^ell as axillars, 

 white; tail blackish. Bill and legs light lead-gray, webs and nail of 

 bill blackish ; iris yellow. Length, about 457 ; wing, 235 ; tail, 74 ; 

 culmen, 46; tarsus, 35. 



"Female. — Fore part of head and chin white; rest of head, neck, and 

 breast brown; upper parts dark brown, back and scapulars slightly 

 vermiculated with white, under parts white below the breast; flanks 

 brown, more or less vermiculated with white; vent and under tail-coverts 

 dark brown, slightly vermiculated with white; wings chiller and browner 

 than in the male, the upper wing-coverts much less vermiculated witli 

 white. Bill and legs darker than in the male. Size somewhat less. 



"Young male has the white at 1)ase of bill like tlic adult female, but 

 it is of a darker and richer color. 



"Male in first nuptial dress has less green luetallic gloss on head and 

 neck; the black breast-feathers have wdiite margins; the black under tail- 

 coverts are more or less vermiculated ; in the vermiculations of the lower 

 mantle, scapulars, and wing-coverts the dark brown predominates over 

 the white. 



"Males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females. 



"Young in down. — 'Crown, nape, and upper parts uniform dark olive- 

 brown; throat, sides of head, and fore part of neck yellowish white; 



